Published December 5, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Career choice decision: the effect of awareness, exploration and career counselling

  • 1. Department of Psychology, University of Tetova, Republic of North Macedonia

Description

The decision to choose a future career is a complex process, a developmental stage characterised by exploration and self-discovery. The study aimed to predict the intentions of high school students to pursue a university education by examining the influence of key factors, including career exploration, awareness of personal skills, and the role of career counselling. A sample of 1395 students was selected from vocational and general high schools. The findings indicate that self-awareness, in conjunction with peer discourse, is a significant predictor of the probability of pursuing university studies. The findings highlight the significance of career counselling and peer discussions in influencing students’ educational aspirations. Moreover, the importance of professional services within educational institutions is highlighted, particularly in terms of guiding students in making informed career decisions. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for educators seeking to provide guidance to adolescents in their career decision-making processes.

Files

articulo 78_Musai-Musa.pdf

Files (1.8 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:d7b84646113e5aba51ce301c8aaff5f5
1.8 MB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • Al-Nuimat, A. A., Alserhan, B. A., Zeqiri, J., Hasani, V. V., & Komodromos, M. (2023). The motivating pull and push factors on the performance of mompreneurs projects: educational and training barriers as a moderating variable. International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 7(4), 340-367. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEWE.2023.138013
  • Azhenov, A., Kudysheva, A., Fominykh, N., & Tulekova, G. (2023). Career decision-making readiness among students in the system of higher education: Career course intervention. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1097993. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1097993
  • Baker, D. P., & Entwisle, D. R. (2001). The influences of mothers on the academic expectations of young children: A longitudinal study of how gender differences arise. Social Forces, 65(2), 670-694. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/65.3.670
  • Ball, S. J. (2003). Class Strategies and the Education Market: The Middle Classes and Social Advantage. Routledge
  • Batool, S. S., & Ghayas, S. (2020). Process of career identity formation among adolescents: Components and factors. Heliyon, 6(9), e04905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04905
  • Beecher, M., Gorman, M., Kelly, P., & Horan, B. (2019). Careers in dairy: Adolescents perceptions and attitudes. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 25(5), 415-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2019.1643745
  • Bendo, A., Brovina, F., Bushati, S., Sallaku, D., Bushati, M., & Papa, E. (2025). The Effect of High Interval Intensity Training (HIIT) on the Performance of Basketball Players 10-15 Years Old. Retos, 62, 627-636. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.109315
  • Bernstein, B. (2000). Pedagogy, Symbolic Control, and Identity. Bloomsbury Academics.
  • Bexheti, L., Osmani Ballazhi, S. H., Neziri, I., & Sotiroska, K. (2024). Family support, parents' employment and internalizing problems at school-aged children in North Macedonia. International Journal of Social Sciences Visions, 42, 19-32.
  • Bocheliuk, V. Y., Spytska, L. V., Mamicheva, O. V., Panov, M. S., & Kordonets, V. V. (2021). Psychological Features of Post-COVID Syndrome Course. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(3), 276-285. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.1503
  • Boer, M., Eijnden, D. V. R., Boniel-Nissim, M., Wong, S., Inchley, C. J., Badura, P., Craig, M. W., Gobina, I., Kleszczewska, D., Klanscek, J. H., & Stevens, M. J. W. G. (2020). Adolescents' intense and problematic social media use and their well-being in 29 countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66, 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.014
  • Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1990). Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. Sage Publications.
  • Braunstein-Bercovitz, H., Cohen, E., Geller, S., & Benjamin, B. A. (2014). A career developmental perspective on the therapeutic alliance: Implications for counseling. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(2), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00041.x
  • Brovina, F., Shkreli, L., & Bushati, M. (2024). Fostering excellence in sports, recreation, and rehabilitation: Leadership and management in Albanian higher education institutions. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 3519-3523. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2744
  • Chávez, R. (2016). Psychosocial development factors associated with occupational and vocational identity between infancy and adolescence. Adolescent Research Review, 1(4), 307-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-016-0027-y
  • Chen, H., Liu, F., Wen, Y., Ling, L., Chen, S., Ling, H., & Gu, X. (2021). Career exploration of high school students: Status quo, challenges, and coping model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 672303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672303
  • Dania, A. (2024). Introduction: Why social pedagogy in physical education? In A. Dania, C. Farias (Eds.), Social Pedagogy in Physical Education: Human-Centred Practice (pp. 1-4). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003411536-1
  • De Moor, E., Klimstra, T. A., Van Doeselaar, L., & Branje, S. (2024). Who am I? Studying autobiographical reasoning, identity commitment and exploration processes, and narrative content in unison. Journal of Early Adolescence, 44(8), 991-1022. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316231216388
  • Fan, W., Cheung, F., Leong, F. & Cheung, S. (2014). Contributions of family factors to career readiness: A cross-cultural comparison. The Career Development Quarterly, 62, 194-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2014.00079.x
  • Fein, M. L. (2014). Redefining higher education: How self-direction can save colleges. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315128160
  • Findeisen, S., Jüttler, A., Neuenschwander, M. P., & Schumann, S. (2022). Transition from school to work – Explaining persistence intention in vocational education and training in Switzerland. Vocations and Learning, 15, 129-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-021-09282-4
  • Ghimire, A., & Sharma Neupane, M. (2025). The hidden curriculum: examining gender disparities in career trajectories of female medical graduates from Nepal. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 1555. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22700-9
  • Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Imeri, F., Rushiti, S., Sadiki, F., Memeti, A., Idrizi, F. (2024). Education in STEM and high school students' views, career outlooks, and interest in IT fields. In 2024 13th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing, MECO 2024. Piscataway: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO62516.2024.10577914
  • Istrefi, A., Zeqiri, J., Hasani, V. V., & Komodromos, M. (2025). The role of entrepreneurial marketing and digital transformation on women's entrepreneurial intentions in Kosovo. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 17(2), 174-196. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTEL.2025.145315
  • Khasawneh, S. (2010). Factors influencing the career planning and development of university students in Jordan. Australian Journal of Career Development, 19(2), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841621001900206
  • Kireyeva, A. A., & Satybaldin, A. A. (2019). Analysis of gender pay gap in different sectors of the economy in Kazakhstan. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(2), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2019.vol6.no2.231
  • Krumboltz, J. D. (2009). The happenstance learning theory. Journal of Career Assessment, 17(2), 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708328861
  • Krutsevich, T., Pengelova, N., & Trachuk, S. (2019). Model-target characteristics of physical fitness in the system of programming sports and recreational activities with adolescents. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 242-248. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s1036
  • Lami, R., & Mile, K. (2013). Neoliberalism effects in Albanian higher education. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary, 1(11), 487-494.
  • Li, T., Hao, L., Kubiczek, J., & Pietrzyk, A. (2022). Corporate social responsibility of sports club in the era of coronavirus pandemic. Zagłębie Sosnowiec case study. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 35(1), 2073-2092. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1932547
  • Lokatt, E., Holgersson, C., Lindgren, M., Packendorff, J., & Hagander, L. (2023). An interprofessional perspective on healthcare work: Physicians and nurses co-constructing identities and spaces of action. Journal of Management and Organization, 29(6), 1103-1119. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.89
  • McDonough, P. M. (2004). The school-to-college transition: Challenges and prospects. In Informed Practice: Syntheses of Higher Education Research for Campus Leaders. Washington: American Council on Education.
  • Nadaan, I. (2022). Factors influencing career decision making. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(12), 657-664. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2022.31209
  • Nikolovska, J., Eaton, K. A., Kenig, N., Hysi, D., Petricevic, N. (2020). Motivation to follow a career in dentistry of students in three south-east European countries. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 54(2), 175-185. https://doi.org/10.15644/asc54/2/8
  • Oliinyk, O., Zholdoshbaev, D., Koshonova, S., Kravtsov, Y., & Bocheliuk, V. (2025). Psychology of stress and adaptation during complex crises: Practical aspects of assisting people in difficult circumstances. European Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 9(2), 100541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100541
  • Parshukov, A., Bril, A., & Krolivetskaya, S. (2020). Professional orientation of students as the basis of future labor motivation. E3S Web of Conferences, 164, 12012. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016412012
  • Rakhimberdinova, M., Nurekenova, E., Suieubayeva, S., Duarte, A., & Ordabayeva, M. (2022). Predictors Influencing the Choice of Master's Programs in the Tourism Industry. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 13(4), 1161-1177. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.4(60).22
  • Rexhepi, B. R., & Murtezaj, I. M. (2024). Visa liberalisation and labour migration: Legal and economic implications for Kosovo. Social and Legal Studios, 7(2), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.32518/sals2.2024.19
  • Riegle-Crumb, C. (2010). More girls go to college: Exploring the social and academic factors behind the female postsecondary advantage among Hispanic and white students. Research in Higher Education, 51(6), 573-593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-010-9169-0
  • Román-Cao, E., Briones-Moreira, S., & Díaz-Pérez, E. (2024). Educational strategy for vocational and professional guidance for tenth-year students. Educacion y Humanismo, 26(47), 96-117. https://doi.org/10.17081/eduhum.26.47.6529
  • Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career Development and Counseling: Putting Theory and Research to Work (pp. 42-70). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sergeeva, M. G., Rozhnov, S. N., Zotov, V. V., Rachek, S. V., Tsibizova, T. Y., Terekhova, N. Y., & Poliakova, I. V. (2019). Legal culture as a basic component of professional training in vocational education. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 4090-4094. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.L3639.1081219
  • Shahid Kazi, A., & Akhlaq, A. (2017). Factors affecting students' career choice. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, December, 11(2), 187-196.
  • Simon, J. D., Boyd, R., & Subica, A. M. (2022). Refocusing intersectionality in social work education: Creating a brave space to discuss oppression and privilege. Journal of Social Work Education, 58(1), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2021.1883492
  • Sopivnyk, R., & Machynska, S. (2025). The system of organising career guidance for pedagogical specialities of life sciences universities. Humanities Studios: Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, 13(2), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog/2.2025.20
  • Spytska, L. (2023). Global practice of reducing the level of tobacco consumption through legislative regulation. Medicine and Law, 42(2), 407-422.
  • Spytska, L. (2024). Symptoms and main features of personality formation of a psychopath. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 26(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.12740/APP/172226
  • Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(3), 282-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(80)90056-1
  • Temple, S. L. (2009). Factors that influence students' desires to attend higher education. South Orange Village: Seton Hall University.
  • Tyshchenko, V., Lisenchuk, G., Odynets, T., Cherednichenko, I., Lytvynenko, O., Boretska, N., & Semeryak, Z. (2019). The concept of building control for certain components of the system for training handball players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 1380-1385. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s4200
  • Uyar, Y., & Sunay, H. (2020). Development of sports awareness scale: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.672441
  • Waka, T. Y., Umucyo, D., Nishimwe, A., Yoon, A. J., & Neil, K. L. (2025). The influence of gender-based perceptions on females joining a bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery in Rwanda. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-06714-w
  • Wang, Y., & Tian, F. F. (2024). Complex nexus: Economic development, rural-to-urban migration, and transition to adulthood in China. Advances in Life Course Research, 62, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100633
  • Willis, P. E. (1981). Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Columbia University Press.
  • Wiroterat, C., & Ussahawanitchakit, P. (2013). Dynamic audit knowledge and audit success of CPAs in Thailand: An empirical investigation of the antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Business Strategy, 13(3), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.18374/ijbs-13-3.9
  • Zaborskis, A., Kavaliauskienė, A., Erikkson, C., Klemera, E., Dimitrova, E., Melkumova, M., & Husarova, D. (2021). Family support as smoking prevention during the transition from early to late adolescence: A study in 42 countries. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312739