Therapeutic Potential of Annona muricata Leaves Extract in Targeting Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review

Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women worldwide, is caused almost entirely by human papillomavirus (HPV). Considering the limitations of existing cervical cancer therapies, there is a need for treatments that can maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Annona muricata Lin., or soursop, a member of the Annonaceae family, has a long history of use in traditional medicine for cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of Annona muricata leaves in targeting cervical cancer. This study employs a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The literature was searched from five databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Springer. A total of 6 articles met the eligibility criteria. It was included in the final analysis. A. muricata demonstrates cytotoxic activity, induces apoptosis, upregulates p53 gene expression, and downregulates anti-apoptotic genes. Biactive components in A. muricata, such as acteogenins and stigmasterol, play a crucial role in these mechanisms through mitochondrial pathway activation and reactive oxygen species modulation. Overall, the evidence suggests that A. muricata leaves possess promising therapeutic potential as a natural anticancer agent for cervical cancer.