CropMapIL Orchard Dataset – Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1/2 Features

This dataset accompanies the manuscript:

Fine, L., Paz-Kagan, T., & Rozenstein., O. (2026). Fusing very high-resolution aerial imagery with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series improves multi-year orchard type classification. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105495

It provides labels, train/validation/test splits, and multi-temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features for orchard parcels in Israel.

Contents and structure

Data are organized as one CSV file per year:

• orchards_YYYY.csv (e.g. orchards_2019.csv, orchards_2020.csv, …)

• In this dataset, a year denotes October of the previous calendar year through September of the current year (e.g., the year 2023 spans October 2022 through September 2023). This corresponds to an agricultural (hydrological) year rather than a simple calendar year.

Each row corresponds to a single orchard sample (parcel-year) and includes:

• Identification and labels

  • parcelID: anonymized parcel identifier, stable across years.

  • crop_label: orchard type class used in the paper.

  • split: dataset split; one of train, val, test.

  • The label space consists of 12 orchard types:

    • almond

    • apple

    • avocado

    • banana

    • citrus

    • date

    • jojoba

    • mango

    • nectarpeach (Nectarine/Peach)

    • olive

    • pomegranate

    • vineyard

     

• Multi-temporal features (wide format)
  The temporal dimension is encoded in the column names. For each band or backscatter channel there are 12 time steps, with suffixes _t0 … _t11, representing 12 ordered timestamps (typically monthly composites over the year, from t0 to t11).

  Sentinel-2 bands (surface reflectance):

  • Bands used: b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b8a, b9, b11, b12.

  • For each band bX there are 12 columns:

    • bX_t0, bX_t1, …, bX_t11.

  •  

  Sentinel-1 backscatter (ascending/descending, VV/VH):

  • Channels: vv_asc, vv_desc, vh_asc, vh_desc.

  • For each channel there are 12 columns:

    • vv_asc_t0 … vv_asc_t11

    • vv_desc_t0 … vv_desc_t11

    • vh_asc_t0 … vh_asc_t11

    • vh_desc_t0 … vh_desc_t11

The exact preprocessing and the mapping between t0–t11 and calendar months are described in the Methods section of the manuscript.

Licensing and restrictions

• Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features are derived from open Copernicus data.

• Parcel labels are shared under the license specified in the Zenodo “License” field.

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:

Fine, L. et al. CropMapIL Orchard Dataset – Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1/2 Features [Data set]. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17800953