Modified Plant Structures (MPS): A Formal Definition and Conceptual Framework

Modified Plant Structures (MPS) are intentional, long-term spatial formations created by guiding the growth, interaction, and structural behaviour of woody perennial plants. This definition paper formalizes MPS as a biologically grounded design paradigm, integrating secondary growth, inosculation, encapsulation, mechanical feedback, and regenerative plant capacities into living spatial structures across architectural, infrastructural, ecological, and cultural domains. It establishes terminological clarity, delineates the conceptual boundaries of the term, and articulates the biological and structural principles underlying MPS. A clear conceptual distinction excludes purely ornamental shaping practices. Through defining the terminology, scope, criteria, and disciplinary positioning of MPS, this manuscript provides a stable reference framework for future academic, practical, and interdisciplinary work.