Demand-Side Energy Management Using an Economical Smart Energy Meter

The authors present a cost-effective universal smart energy meter (USEM) that supports both Prepaid and postpaid 
options that support different tariff structures like time-of-use rates, block rate tariffs, or a combination of the two. The smart meter incorporates a potential transformer, a current transformer, and a microcontroller with an integrated communication module. The connection between the utility provider, smart meter, and consumer is established via unique identification numbers for each entity, using a cellular network. Additionally, the smart meter includes demand-side load management features, allowing for control of electrical loads and the provision of emergency power during shortages. The meter can be remotely configured and reconfigured through SMS, without the need for hardware changes. Furthermore, the system monitors energy usage, detects meter tampering, and identifies faults on the distribution side. A prototype has been developed, demonstrating the system's practicality, adaptability, and multifunctionality through experimental validation.