There is a newer version of the record available.

Published November 30, 2025 | Version 1.6
Report Open

BitBallot:A Next-Generation Electronic Voting System Based on Terminal-Complete ZK-DAG Consensus (Final Draft: Economic Optimization and Physical Security Model)

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Independent Research Initiative

Description

BitBallot: The Final Proposal Summary

This document presents the definitive, cost-optimized architectural design for BitBallot, a next-generation electronic voting system achieving national-scale throughput (25,000 Tx/sec) with absolute guarantees for secrecy, auditability, and economic feasibility.

 

1. Key Contributions and Problem Solved 💡

BitBallot resolves the fundamental trade-off between Trust, Cost, and Secrecy in e-voting by introducing an L2-free, terminal-centric architecture.

Core Challenge BitBallot's Solution Impact
Coercion / Vote-Selling 1 True + 9 Dummy Tx's: Voter can never prove their true choice to a briber or coercer. Mathematical Buy-Resistance.
High Cost / Hardware ZK-Proof on Secondhand PC: Terminal costs are reduced to ~10,000 JPY via fixed, minimal ZK circuit load. 1/28 Initial Cost Reduction.
Scalability / Trust L2-Free DAG Consensus (Kaspa): Provides required throughput and transparent, open-source verification (vProgs) on the public L1. High Performance & Trustless Auditability.

2. Architectural Highlights ✨

  • Terminal-Complete ZK: ZK generation is executed client-side, eliminating the need for expensive GPUs or TEEs and drastically lowering procurement costs.

  • Dedicated Physical Enclosure: Ensures robust physical security by sealing USB ports, allowing the use of low-cost, off-the-shelf hardware without sacrificing defense against physical tampering.

3. Economic Feasibility 💰

The initial national deployment cost is reduced to approx. 125 Billion to 136 Billion JPY. The system fulfills the democratic imperative: "No one can peek at the secret, but everyone can verify the result"—with the lowest possible barrier to entry.

Files

BitBallot_A_Next_Generation_Electronic_Voting_System_Based_on_Terminal_Complete_ZK_DAG_Consensus.pdf

Files (4.6 MB)

Additional details

Dates

Updated
2025-11-30
L2 is eliminated because we have verified that the vProgs logic is sufficient to handle national-scale elections.