Published November 30, 2025 | Version CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
Journal article Open

Assessing the Impact of Node Density on MANET Routing: A Comparative Study of NTSM, AODV, and DSDV Using NS2 Simulation

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, IES College of Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India

Contributors

Contact person:

Researcher:

  • 1. Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, IES College of Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India
  • 2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, LNCT College, Bhopal (M.P.), India

Description

Abstract: MANETs provide a dynamic, decentralised communication architecture that enables nodes to form spontaneous networks. They are, therefore, best suited for situations where fixed infrastructure does not exist. However, performance in MANETs depends heavily on the routing protocol used and the node density. This paper describes the performance evaluation of three necessary routing protocols, NTSM, AODV, and DSDV, with respect to different node density conditions. We use extensive simulations on the NS2 simulation framework to analyses the performance of these protocols at several node densities. The critical performance metrics under study include packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, network throughput, and routing overhead. The systematic comparative study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the protocols and their adaptability to dynamic variations within the network. This study explains in detail how NTSM, AODV, and DSDV respond to changes in node density in simulated MANET environments. They could serve as valuable guidelines for selecting the best routing protocol for different deployment types. Furthermore, these results highlight that, when designing and optimising MANETs, network dynamics and node density variations should also be considered, particularly through simulation tools such as NS2 for performance evaluation.

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Additional details

Identifiers

DOI
10.35940/ijsce.F3699.15051125
EISSN
2231-2307

Dates

Accepted
2025-11-15
Manuscript Received on 25 October 2025 | Revised Manuscript Received on 06 November 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 November 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 November 2025

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