Published November 28, 2025
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Income Inequality in India: Causes, Consequences, and Lessons from Developed Economies
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This research paper examines the evolving patterns of income inequality in India by analysing its structural causes, socio-economic consequences, and policy implications. Drawing insights from both classical and contemporary economic literature, the study compares India’s inequality trends with those of developed economies to highlight key differences in institutional frameworks, labour market dynamics, and welfare provisioning. The paper also evaluates the effectiveness of recent government interventions and provides evidence-based recommendations aimed at promoting inclusive growth and long-term economic stability.
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Income Inequality in India.pdf
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References
- a) World Bank (2024). India - Inequality and Shared Prosperity Report. b) Oxfam India (2023). Survival of the Richest: The India Wealth Report. c) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). National Income Data 2023–24. d) Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy, 2023. e) NITI Aayog (2022). India Inequality Report and Inclusive Growth Framework. f) International Monetary Fund (IMF). World Economic Outlook: Income Distribution and Growth, 2023. g) Economic Survey of India (2023–24). Ministry of Finance, Government of India. h) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report, 2023. i) Thomas Piketty and Lucas Chancel (2019). Indian Income Inequality, 1922–2020: From British Raj to Billionaire Raj. j) OECD (2023). Income Inequality Data and Policy Responses.