Drone-Enabled Data Collection for Sustainable Viticulture: A Practical Framework for Precision Viticulture

A structured framework is developed for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly drones, in precision viticulture, within the SmartVitiNet project. The approach includes a detailed process for drone operation in vineyards, incorporating technical, environmental, and operational parameters, from equipment setup and pre-flight route planning for efficient data collection, to post-flight data management. Route automation (area and waypoint-based), and advanced sensor and imaging configurations, allow the collection of precision data for vineyard monitoring, and the rapid coverage of large areas. The drone-based framework enhances sustainability through data-driven insights, which optimise pesticide, fertiliser, and water use. Moreover, the guide presents a replicable methodology that facilitates a wider adoption of drones by vineyard managers, bridging the gap between AI-assisted practices and agricultural reality. The uses and benefits of drones in viticulture are also thoroughly discussed. By integrating geospatial data collection with climate-sensitive flight planning, the methodology contributes to the broader digital transition towards sustainability land and resource management. The study provides a representative potential of the future of drone systems services as mobile data platforms for climate-wise agriculture, aligning with incorporating innovation for improving sustainability in transport, mobility, and environmental performance in agriculture.