SIRAVEDHA KALPANA IN SHALYA TANTRA – A CLASSICAL AND CLINICAL PRESPECTIVE – A CRITICAL REVIEW

ABSTRACT

Siravedha (therapeutic venesection) is one of the most important para-surgical procedures described in Ayurveda under the domain of Raktamokshana (bloodletting therapy). It is considered highly effective for expelling vitiated Doshas, especially vitiated Rakta (impure blood), thereby restoring dosha-dhatu-samyata (balance of body elements). The classical texts, including Sushruta Samhita, highlight Siravedha as a prime modality in the management of various disorders such as skin diseases (Kushtha), abscesses (Vidradhi), gout (Vatarakta), hypertension-related symptoms, and certain vascular conditions. The procedure involves identification of specific veins (Sira), followed by controlled puncturing using sharp instruments, ensuring the safe expulsion of impure blood under strict procedural guidelines. Proper patient selection, seasonal considerations, pre- and post-procedural care are emphasized for safety and efficacy. Modern scientific interpretation suggests that Siravedha may work through mechanisms akin to detoxification, regulation of microcirculation, and immunomodulation. Thus, Siravedha represents a unique blend of traditional therapeutic wisdom with potential contemporary clinical applications in chronic and refractory diseases.