Mechanistic Insights into Phosphonium-Mediated Solvent Extraction of Copper, Cadmium, and Zinc
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad (244102), Uttar Pradesh, India
- 2. Department of Physics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad (244102), Uttar Pradesh, India
Description
This chapter investigates the solvent extraction behavior of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions using phosphonium-based ionic liquids as extractants. The extraction efficiency, selectivity, and mechanism are examined under varying conditions including pH, metal ion concentration, and the nature of the phosphonium ion. The study highlights the significant role of phosphonium ionic liquids in enhancing the separation and recovery of these metal ions due to their unique chemical properties, such as high thermal stability, low volatility, and strong metal-binding capabilities. Experimental results demonstrate that phosphonium ions exhibit selective extraction efficiencies for Cu, Cd, and Zn, with Cu showing the highest affinity under optimized conditions. The chapter also discusses the thermodynamics and kinetics of the extraction process, providing valuable insight into the potential industrial applications of phosphonium-based solvent extraction systems in hydrometallurgy and wastewater treatment.
Files
5. Rohit Kumar.pdf
Files
(600.6 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:e848f1d89b133ce3a60ef721e78f5d36
|
600.6 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
References
- 1. Chen, L., et al. (2016). Solvent Extraction of Zinc Using Phosphonium Ionic Liquids. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 37, 1–8. 2. Habashi, F. (2017). Extractive metallurgy of copper (5th ed.). Elsevier. 3. Liu, W., et al. (2010). Solvent Extraction of Copper Using Phosphonium Ionic Liquids. Hydrometallurgy, 104(2), 233–238. 4. Kumar, A., Singh, R., & Sharma, S. (2020). Phosphonium-based ionic liquids as extractants for separation of transition metals: A review. Separation and Purification Technology, 236, 116280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116280 5. Kurniawan, T. A., et al. (2006). Physic-Chemical Treatment Techniques for Wastewater Containing Zinc. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 129(1–3), 80–100. 6. Moyer, B. A., & Singh, D. (2018). Principles of solvent extraction. CRC Press. 7. Nayl, A. A., Elkhashab, R. A., & Badawy, S. M. (2020). Solvent extraction and recovery of copper, cadmium, and zinc from industrial wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(5), 104224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104224 8. Papaiconomou, N., Lee, J. M., Salminen, J., & Kroon, M. (2012). Separation of transition metal ions using phosphonium ionic liquids. Green Chemistry, 14(12), 3322–3332. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2GC36087J 9. Ritcey, G. M. (2022). Solvent extraction: Principles and applications to process metallurgy. Routledge. 10. Rydberg, J., Cox, M., Musikas, C., & Choppin, G. R. (2004). Solvent extraction principles and practice (2nd ed.). CRC Press. 11. Saji, V. S., & Reddy, R. G. (2001). Solvent Extraction of Cadmium by Organophosphorus Extractants. Hydrometallurgy, 60(1), 61–70. 12. Wei, G., et al. (2014). Recovery of Cadmium Using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids. Separation and Purification Technology, 136, 102–109. 13. Zhang, Y., Luo, H., & Dai, S. (2021). Phosphonium ionic liquids in separation science: Recent advances and perspectives. Chemical Reviews, 121(9), 5455–5516. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01137 14. Zhang, S., et al. (2013). Ionic Liquids in Metal Extraction. Chemical Reviews, 113(3), 2124–2154.