Published November 25, 2025 | Version v1

Time Crystals--Null--Modular $\mathbb{Z

  • 1. Independent Researcher
  • 2. National University of Singapore

Description

Construct theoretical chain unifying discrete/continuous time crystals with Null--Modular Z_2 holonomy, bulk-integral Z_2--BF choice, and relative cohomology invariant. Closed system side, provide rigidity and stability of prethermal discrete time crystals in exponentially long time windows via high-frequency Floquet--Magnus and Lieb--Robinson constraints; under strong disorder provide necessary and sufficient structure for \pi spectral pairing and eigenstate time crystalline order. Open system

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