Development of Novel One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Bioactive Sulphur Heterocycles

Background: The development of efficient, reproducible, and environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles is desirable, particularly in resource- limited places. Due to its structural properties and synthetic availability, SH-01 was identified as a novel molecule with putative pharmacological interest. Several studies in the past have iteratively elaborated on solvent polarity, while some have focused on catalytic systems responsible for altering the course of a reaction, but a few have related them to remote and semi-urban laboratories.
Objectives: This study sought to (i) optimize the yield of SH-01 using different solvent–catalyst systems; ii) confirm its structure via IR and NMR spectroscopy; and iii) develop a field-appropriate ethical synthesis protocol suitable for collaborative deployment.
Methods: SH-01 was synthesized in the presence of various solvents and catalysts (ethanol- ZnCl 2, DMSO-FeCl 3, and toluene-Cu (OAc) 2). Read out and you get a reaction yield comparison. The IR spectroscopy was used for functional groups analysis, and the ^1H NMR was utilized for proton environment and structural confirmation. All data were by genuine and verifiable literature that was analysed humanely.
Results: The highest conversion in this test was that of ethanol–ZnCl2, showing excellent catalytic activation and solvent compatibility. IR spectra showed NH and CN stretching at 3320 cm⁻¹ and 2200 cm⁻¹, respectively. The NMR analysis showed the presence of aromatic proton signals (7.2–7.8 ppm) and a deshielded NH peak at 9.5 ppm, indicating an intramolecular hydrogen bonding [54]. The synthesis could be easily replicated at the field level and is reproducible.
Conclusion: SH-01 was successfully synthesized, and the determined structure was deemed legitimate with green, easily available reagents. This opens up a scalable and socially responsible route to rural chemistry labs using ethanol–ZnCl₂ as the solvent system. These findings can serve as evidence for solvent–catalyst synergy and participatory design in green chemistry studies, and encourage future bioactivity screening and community-initiated education.