Physicalism's Self-Refutation Is as Implicit as Its Agent-Causation Denial (PSIAD)
Authors/Creators
Description
PSIAD is a two-part proof centered on the concept of genuine personal control (GPC). A concept often referred to as agent-causation and volition. Lemma 1 shows that GPC denial is self-refuting, while Lemma 2 shows that physicalism/materialism necessitates GPC denial. Therefore, this overall proof shows physicalism to be self-refuting. I.e., PSIAD shows that accepting any corresponding counter (by way of compatibilism, epiphenomenalism, quantum indeterminacy, emergentist/nonreductive physicalism, property dualism, arguments from incredulity, etc.)—provably entails abandoning fundamental principles of logic and physics.
Files
Additional details
Identifiers
References
- Albert, David. 2012. "On the Origin of Everything." Review of A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather than Nothing, by Lawrence Krauss. New York Times.
- Alter, T., and Robert J. Howell. 2022. "Physicalism, Supervenience, and Monism." Synthese 200 (515). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03965-8.
- Baggott, Jim. 2011. The Quantum Story: A History in 40 Moments. Oxford University Press.
- Barrow, John D. 2000. The Book of Nothing. Vintage Books.
- Bebbington, D. 2011. "Argument from Personal Incredulity." Think 10 (28): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477175611000030.
- Becker, Adam. 2023. "The Trouble with Quantum Physics, and Why It Matters." Argonne National Laboratory. https://web.archive.org/web/20250823203229/https://www.anl.gov/event/the-trouble-with-quantum-physics-and-why-it-matters.
- Bedau, Mark A. 1997. "Weak Emergence." Philosophical Perspectives 31 (s11): 375–99. https://web.archive.org/web/20250815195750/https://people.reed.edu/~mab/papers/weak.emergence.pdf.
- Bedau, Mark. 2002. "Downward Causation and the Autonomy of Weak Emergence." Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology 6 (1): 5–50. https://web.archive.org/web/20240616082353/https://people.reed.edu/~mab/publications/papers/principia.pdf.
- Bunge, Mario. 1980. The Mind–Body Problem: A Psychobiological Approach. Pergamon Press.
- Carmack, Peter. 2016. "The Mind-Body Problem: An Argument for Substance Dualism." Elenchus 2 (2): 1–16. https://web.archive.org/web/20250725185220/https://www.academia.edu/39724866/The_Mind_Body_Problem_An_Argument_for_Substance_Dualism.
- Carroll, Sean M. 2011. "Dysteleological Physicalism." Preposterous Universe. https://web.archive.org/web/20250524234855/https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2011/01/17/dysteleological-physicalism/.
- Carroll, Sean M. 2012. "A Universe from Nothing?" Discover Magazine. https://web.archive.org/save/https:/www.discovermagazine.com/a-universe-from-nothing-27013.
- Carroll, Sean M. 2017. The Big Picture: On the Origins of Life, Meaning, and the Universe Itself. Dutton.
- Carroll, Sean M. 2021. "Why Something Rather Than Nothing?" In The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Physics, edited by Eleanor Knox and Alastair Wilson. Routledge.
- Chalmers, David J. 2006. "Strong and Weak Emergence." In The Re-Emergence of Emergence: The Emergentist Hypothesis from Science to Religion, edited by Philip Clayton and Paul Davies. Oxford University Press.
- Chalmers, David J., and David Bourget. 2023. "Philosophers on Philosophy: The 2020 PhilPapers Survey." Philosophers' Imprint 23 (11). https://web.archive.org/web/20250814071956/https://survey2020.philpeople.org/survey/results/4838.
- Choi, Charles Q. 2013. "Something from Nothing? A Vacuum Can Yield Flashes of Light." Scientific American, 2013.
- Churchland, Paul. 2011. "Consciousness and the Introspection of 'Qualitative Simples'." Eidos, no. 15, 12–47. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262457233_Consciousness_and_the_Introspection_of_'Qualitative_Simples'.
- Cox, Brian, and Jeff Forshaw. 2012. The Quantum Universe. Da Capo Press.
- Crane, Tim. 2001. "The Significance of Emergence." In Physicalism and Its Discontents, edited by B. Loewer and G. Gillett. Cambridge University Press.
- Crane, Tim. 2010. "Cosmic Hermeneutics vs. Emergence: The Challenge of the Explanatory Gap." In Emergence in Mind, edited by Cynthia Macdonald and Graham Macdonald. Oxford University Press.
- Davies, Paul, and John Gribbin. 2007. The Matter Myth: Dramatic Discoveries That Challenge Our Understanding of Physical Reality. Simon & Schuster.
- Dawkins, Richard. 2012. "Something from Nothing." Lecture for the Origins Project, Arizona State University. YouTube video, 1:58:12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gH9UvnrARf8&t=7092s.
- Deacon, Terrence W. 2006. "Emergence." In The Re-Emergence of Emergence: The Emergentist Hypothesis from Science to Religion, edited by Philip Clayton and Paul Davies. Oxford University Press.
- De Swart, Harrie. 2018. Philosophical and Mathematical Logic. Springer Undergraduate Texts in Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03255-5.
- Duffy, Brian R. 1998. "Work and Energy." Lecture notes, Physics Department, Boston University. https://web.archive.org/web/20250814201405/https://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/notes/Energy.html.
- Encyclopedia of Science and Religion. 2025. "Downward Causation." Encyclopedia.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20250813031412/https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/downward-causation.
- Encyclopedia of Science and Religion. 2025. "Physicalism, Reductive and Nonreductive." Encyclopedia.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20250813024710/https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/physicalism-reductive-and-nonreductive.
- Francescotti, Robert M. 2000. "Ontological Physicalism and Property Pluralism: Why They Are Incompatible." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 81 (4): 349–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0114.00109.
- Galilei, Galileo. 1957. Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo. Translated and edited by Stillman Drake. Anchor Books.
- Göcke, Benedikt Paul. 2012. "Introduction." In After Physicalism, edited by Benedikt Paul Göcke. University of Notre Dame Press.
- Hawking, Stephen. 2007. The Illustrated Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe. Phoenix Books.
- Hawking, Stephen. 2010. The Grand Design. Bantam Books.
- Hossenfelder, Sabine, and Tim Palmer. 2020. "Rethinking Superdeterminism." Frontiers in Physics 8 (139). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00139.
- Humphreys, Paul. 2016. "Emergence." In The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Science, edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.001.0001.
- Janssen, Sarah, ed. 2022. The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2023. World Almanac Books.
- Keršys, Matas. 2022. "Epicurus' Swerve and the Randomness Objection to Free Will." Literatūra 64 (3): 31–42. https://doi.org/10.15388/Litera.2022.64.3.3.
- Kim, Jaegwon. 1993. "The Myth of Nonreductive Materialism." In Supervenience and Mind, 265–84. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625220.015.
- Kim, Jaegwon. 2005. Physicalism, or Something Near Enough. Princeton University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7snrs.
- Koch, Christof. 2009. "Free Will, Physics, Biology, and the Brain." In Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will, edited by Nancey Murphy, George F.R. Ellis, and Timothy O'Connor. Understanding Complex Systems. Springer.
- Koch, Christof. 2014. "Ubiquitous Minds." Scientific American, 2014.
- Krauss, Lawrence M. 2012. A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather than Nothing. Free Press.
- Krauss, Lawrence M. 2012. "Something from Nothing." Lecture for the Origins Project, Arizona State University. YouTube video, 1:59:06. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gH9UvnrARf8&t=7146s.
- Lähteenmäki, Pasi, G. S. Paraoanu, K. Y. Tan, J. Hassel, P. J. Hakonen, and M. A. Sillanpää. 2013. "Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Josephson Metamaterial." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (11): 4234–38.
- London, Fritz, and Edmond Bauer. 1983. "The Theory of Observation in Quantum Mechanics." In Quantum Theory and Measurement, edited by J. A. Wheeler and W. H. Zurek. Princeton University Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20250814213156/https://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/The%20Theory%20of%20Observation%20in%20Quantum%20Mechanics.pdf.
- McHenry, Leemon. 2010. "Sprigge's Ontology of Consciousness." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements 67: 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246110000093.
- McKenna, Michael, and D. Justin Coates. 2025. "Compatibilism." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2025 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2025/entries/compatibilism/.
- Monroy-Nasr, Zuraya. 1998. "Cartesian Dualism and the Union of Mind and Body: A Synchronic Interpretation." The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy 11: 122–27. https://doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199811252.
- Moore, Dwayne. 2019. "Causal Exclusion and Physical Causal Completeness." Dialectica 73 (4): 479–505. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48552634.
- Mun, Cecilea. 2021. Interdisciplinary Foundations for the Science of Emotion: Unification without Consilience. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Nagel, Thomas. 1974. "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" The Philosophical Review 83 (4): 435–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914.
- Nagel, Thomas. 2012. Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False. Oxford University Press.
- Nelkin, Dana Kay. 2011. "A Compatibilist Account of Agent Causation." In Making Sense of Freedom and Responsibility. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608560.003.0005.
- Neumann, John von. 1955. Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Translated by Robert T. Beyer. Princeton University Press.
- Nickerson, Raymond S. 2020. Argumentation: The Art of Persuasion. Cambridge University Press.
- Norton, John D. 2003. "A Material Theory of Induction." Philosophy of Science 70 (4): 647–70. https://doi.org/10.1086/378858.
- O'Connor, Timothy. 2025. "Emergent Properties." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2025 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2025/entries/properties-emergent/.
- Olenick, Richard P., Tom M. Apostol, and David L. Goodstein. 2008. The Mechanical Universe: Mechanics and Heat, Advanced Edition. Cambridge University Press.
- Ott, Walter, and Alex Dunn. 2013. "René Descartes (1596–1650)." In Modern Philosophy. BCcampus. https://web.archive.org/web/20250815031614/https://opentextbc.ca/modernphilosophy/.
- Pang, Damian K. F. 2024. "Is the Universe Conscious?: Could consciousness be a fundamental property of the universe?" Psychology Today, 2024. https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/consciousness-and-beyond/202409/is-the-universe-conscious.
- Paull, R. Cranston, and Theodore R. Sider. 1992. "In Defense of Global Supervenience." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 52 (4): 833–54. https://web.archive.org/web/20250813033047/https://philpapers.org/rec/UEHIDO.
- Pitts, J. Brian. 2021. "Conservation of Energy: Missing Features in Its Nature and Justification and Why They Matter." Foundations of Science 26: 559–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-020-09657-1.
- Popper, Karl R., and John C. Eccles. 1977. The Self and Its Brain: An Argument For Interactionism. Routledge.
- Pospiech, G., M. Michelini, and E. Stefanel. 2016. "The role of mathematics for physics teaching and understanding." Il Nuovo Cimento C 38(3): 110. https://doi.org/10.1393/ncc/i2015-15110-6.
- Rae, Alastair. 2004. Quantum Physics: Illusion or Reality? Cambridge University Press.
- Rescher, Nicholas, and Morton L. Schagrin. 2025. "Fallacy." In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://web.archive.org/web/20250813211323/https://www.britannica.com/topic/fallacy.
- Robinson, Howard. 2024. "Dualism." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2024 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2024/entries/dualism/.
- Ryan, Liam D. 2024. "Going Mental: Why Physicalism Should Not Posit Inscrutable Properties." Erkenntnis 89 (8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-024-00894-5.
- Sagan, Carl. 1995. The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Random House.
- Sarkar, Sahotra, and Jessica Pfeifer, eds. 2006. "Physicalism." In The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.
- Schneider, Susan. 2012. "Why Property Dualists Must Reject Substance Physicalism." Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 157 (1): 61–76. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41406961.
- Schomerus, Henning. n.d. "Quantum Mechanics — PHYS223." Lecture notes, Lancaster University, Department of Physics. Accessed August 14, 2025.
- Seager, William E. 2010. "Panpsychism." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2010 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta. https://web.archive.org/web/20250815002049/https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~seager/pan_seager.pdf.
- Seager, William E., Philip Goff, and Sean Allen-Hermanson. 2022. "Panpsychism." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2022 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman. https://web.archive.org/web/20250815002904/https://philpapers.org/rec/SEAP.
- Sharp, Hasana. 2011. Spinoza and the Politics of Renaturalization. University of Chicago Press.
- Stephan, Achim. 1997. "Armchair Arguments against Emergentism." Erkenntnis 46 (3): 305–14. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20012770.
- Strogatz, Steven. 2022. "What Is Quantum Field Theory and Why Is It Incomplete?" Quanta Magazine, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20250823223926/https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-is-quantum-field-theory-and-why-is-it-incomplete-20220810/.
- Styer, Daniel F. 2000. The Strange World of Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge University Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20250122235748/https:/www2.oberlin.edu/physics/dstyer/StrangeQM/intro.html.
- Sullivan, J. W. N. (1931). "Interviews with great scientists. IV. Erwin Schrödinger." The Observer [Newspaper Interview] January 11. https://web.archive.org/web/20250813230739/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-observer-the-observer-jan-11-1931/101389961/.
- Sullivan, J. W. N. (1931). "Interviews with great scientists. VI. Max Plank." The Observer [Newspaper Interview] January 25. https://web.archive.org/web/20251120020331/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-observer-max-planck-observer-12531/25590070/.
- Thagard, Paul. 2003. "Cognitive Science." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2003 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2003/entries/cognitive-science/.
- Tye, Michael. 2021. "Qualia." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2021 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/qualia/.
- University College Dublin, School of Mathematics and Statistics. 2023. "Theoretical Physics." Undergraduate FAQs, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20250816014142/https:/www.ucd.ie/mathstat/study/undergraduatestudy/undergraduatefaq/.
- Velissaris, Chris, and Costas Efthimiou. 2015. "Momentum." Lecture notes, University of Central Florida. https://web.archive.org/web/20250814194954/https://physics.ucf.edu/~cvelissaris/Summer15/PSC1121/OldLectures/9%20Momentum.pdf.
- Vervoort, L. 2019. "Probability Theory as a Physical Theory Points to Superdeterminism." Entropy 21 (9): 848. https://doi.org/10.3390/e21090848.
- Vilasini, Vedran, and Renato Renner. 2024. "Fundamental Limits for Realising Quantum Processes in Spacetime." Physical Review Letters 133 (8): 080201. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.080201.
- Vintiadis, Elly. 2021. "Emergence." In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://web.archive.org/web/20250815011923/https://iep.utm.edu/emergence/.
- Vodopyanov, A. 2025. "Simplicity, Not Simplism: In Defence of Occam's Razor as Scientific Necessity." SSRN Electronic Journal. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5570539.
- Weinert, Friedel. 1998. "Philosophy of Science: When the Scientist Turns Philosopher." Paper presented at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy, Boston University. https://web.archive.org/web/20250814205414/https://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Scie/ScieWein.htm.
- Weir, R. 2024. "Property Dualism Implies Substance Dualism." Journal of Philosophical Theological Research 26 no. 1 (Special issue: Mind, Body, and Consciousness): 21–46. https://web.archive.org/web/20250814231533/https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_2728_ac6215627aec096d65c16be0c33671d1.pdf.
- Weisberg, Josh. 2021. "The Hard Problem of Consciousness." In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://web.archive.org/web/20250815024942/https://iep.utm.edu/hard-problem-of-conciousness/.
- Wigner, E. P. 1960. "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences." Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics 13: 1–14. https://web.archive.org/web/20240514035743/https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.uoregon.edu/dist/c/11942/files/2016/02/Wigner-math-in-natural-sciences-1960-J-pure-appplied-math-2dk4spx.pdf.
- Wolfson, Richard. 2016. Essential University Physics. Pearson.