CURRENT PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT FOR INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES IN CHILDREN. (Literature review)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic endocrine diseases in children, characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Despite advances in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, a balanced diet is the main component in maintaining stable blood glucose levels, preventing complications and ensuring normal growth and development of the child. The diet of children with diabetes mellitus should be individually tailored, taking into account all nutritional components, and should be adapted to age-related needs and physical activity levels. An important component is the calculation of carbohydrate units, which allows the insulin dose to be adjusted according to the amount of carbohydrates consumed. The diet should also include sufficient protein and healthy fats. It is recommended to include whole grains, vegetables, legumes, low-sugar fruits, nuts, and lean meats in the diet.

type 1 diabetes, children, nutrition, carbohydrates, glycemic index