Integration and expansion of Human rights under the constitution of India during the journey of 75 years

The Indian Constitution represents a significantblend of ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. At its heart lies the protection and promotion of human rights, which are universally recognized as inherent, inalienable, and indispensable for a dignified existence of every human being. The Constitution, through Fundamental Rights, integrates these human rights into the legal and political fabric of the nation. However, these rights have not remained static but flexible and expandable one. Over the last seventy-five years, Indian courts, particularly the Supreme Court, have expanded the ambit of these rights through progressive interpretation, judicial activism, and purposive construction, ensuring that the Constitution remains a living document.This article traces the integration of human rights in the Constitution, their expansion through judicial interpretation, the impact of international instruments like the UN Charter and UDHR, and the role of constitutional amendments in strengthening human rights. The paper also analyses landmark judgments such as Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India and Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, which have revolutionized the understanding of Article 21, making it the cornerstone of human rights jurisprudence in India. By revisiting the Constituent Assembly debates and significant historical milestones, this article seeks to illustrate the journey of human rights in India over the past seventy-five years.