: Evaluation of proposed common standards for benthos monitoring in the Arctic-Atlantic – pilot study in Greenland (INAMon). Technical Report No. 105

In 2015, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources realized a concept for long-term 
and large-scale monitoring of marine bottom-living invertebrate fauna (benthos) in the 
Arctic-Atlantic as part of the international research project, Initiating North-Atlantic 
Benthos Monitoring (INAMon) (Blicher et al. 2015). The initiative was, first of all, 
motivated by a large gap in knowledge about the benthic ecosystem in the Arctic in 
general, and about the influence of climate, trawling, oil exploitation and other
potential anthropogenic and natural drivers. However, the high cost of benthos studies 
using conventional methods, and limited financial, logistic and scientific capacities have 
prevented most Arctic nations to address these gaps in knowledge on the relevant 
geographical and temporal scales. Therefore, a main goal of INAMon was to develop a 
cost-efficient approach to benthos monitoring, realistic to be implemented across the 
Arctic. A “trawl bycatch-program” wasintegrated on national fisheriesresearch surveys
in Greenland waters. Besides producing high-quality information about focal 
components of the benthic community in Greenland, the surveys also acted as a 
platform for knowledge exchange between Arctic benthos specialists in order to ensure 
methodological consistency and data comparability across nations.
During 2015 and 2016 we have reached more than 1100 sampling stations in 
Greenland, covering a depth range from 40 to 1500 meters, and a latitudinal range from 
60 to 76°N. We have documented a total of >900 different benthos species/taxa and a 
wide range of communities. We have significantly increased the knowledge about the 
occurrence of sponge grounds and dense concentrations of cold-water corals, which 
are regarded indicators of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) habitats. In this report,
we show examples of our results, and evaluate the monitoring concept in relation to 
the identified needs.