Exploring renewable energy future through household energy behavior: cases of Lithuania and Morocco

Abstract. The study examines the role of household energy behaviour in the transition to renewable energy, focusing on the comparative cases of Lithuania and Morocco. In both countries, households account for approximately 1/4 of total energy consumption, making them a key area for promoting energy efficiency and sustainability. Lithuania and Morocco have different approaches driven by their economic, cultural, and political environments. In Lithuania, household energy behaviour is influenced by efforts to promote using more energy-efficient appliances and renewable energy sources. Public policy and support are focused on building renovations, small-scale renewable energy production in households, and electrification of the transport sector, all of which are supported by public subsidies. Additionally, introducing energy-efficiency measures aims to reduce household energy consumption further. Morocco, on the other hand, emphasises large-scale renewable energy projects, such as the Noor Solar Complex, while targeting households with energy efficiency campaigns and providing financing mechanisms to make renewable energy technologies more accessible, thereby encouraging a more passive role in direct energy generation but active participation in energy-saving practices. The study uses a comparative case study approach, drawing on
secondary data from sources such as the International Energy Agency (IEA) and national reports. The main findings show the importance of economic incentives, public awareness, and tailored policy interventions in shaping energy behaviour. Although there is public support for renewable energy in both countries, barriers such as financial costs and information gaps remain. The study provides insight into ways to involve households in the energy transition, highlighting the need for effective communication and strategic policies.