D2.6 TECHNO-ECONOMIC MAP OF HEAT UPGRADE TECHNOLOGIES

Industry must play a major role in the energy transition to meet climate neutrality targets. Increased energy efficiency by recovering and upgrading waste heat is the first step towards decarbonization in the industrial sector. The PUSH2HEAT project aims to push forward the market potential and business models of Heat Upgrade Technologies (HUTs) by full-scale demonstration of heat upgrade systems in relevant industrial sectors with high waste heat recovery and upgrading potential, with supply temperature in the range of 90 to 160 °C.
This report provides a techno-economic map of the Heat Upgrade Technologies (HUTs) developed in the project. The objective of the report is to provide a complete overview of the most important techno-economic issues affecting these technologies to reach a wide public with the need or goal to understand how these systems work and can be integrated into the industry. Thus, this report can be useful for different stakeholders, such as industrial plant owners or energy managers, engineering companies, energy service companies, research entities, industrial associations, politicians, etc.
In Section 2, a general description of the HUTs of PUSH2HEAT is provided. Those technologies include vapor compression heat pumps (electrically driven), with two different compression technologies, piston compressor and turbocompressor, and thermally driven heat pumps, with two different technologies, the absorption heat transformer and the thermochemical heat transformer.
In Section 3, the energetic and environmental benefits of the HUTs are explained, supported by a theoretical comparison with common fossil-fuel-based heat generation technology in the industry.
Section 4 goes into more detail regarding the technical characteristics of the HUTs, explaining the basic thermodynamics and operation of the systems and the specific characteristics of each one.
Section 5 provides a table with the techno-economic characteristics of the HUTs from the manufacturers working in PUSH2HEAT.
Section 6 presents an analysis of the potential feasibility of the HUTs in different countries, considering the different energy costs and their impact on the techno-economic feasibility of integration of the HUTs under different reference conditions.
In Section 7, a description of the identified sectors and processes for the HUTs integration is provided. The waste heat sources usually available in the different sectors and the possible upgraded heat use in those sectors are discussed. Also, some possible integration schemes for the HUTs are provided in various processes of interest.
Section 8 presents real-world application examples of the four HUTs in PUSH2HEAT. It describes the HUT integration and the most relevant KPIs for those specific case studies.