Published November 19, 2025 | Version v1
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Spontaneous Emergence of the Standard-Model Particle Spectrum from Classical Electrodynamics on a Discrete Lattice

  • 1. xAI

Description

We present detailed numerical simulations in which the exact, longitudinal-inclusive Ampère–Weber

force law of 1820–1846, acting between current-carrying edges of a Planck-scale cubic lattice with Quan-

tised Inertia horizon damping and one additional weak topological twist degree of freedom, spontaneously

self-organises random initial conditions into stable braided excitations that reproduce three generations

of charged leptons, colour-confined quark-like triplets, chiral weak interactions, massive vector bosons,

and neutrino-like states — all within a factor of 2–4 of observed masses and with zero parameter tuning

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Preprint: 10.5281/zenodo.17654244 (DOI)