Criteria of Physical Reality Based on Causally Completed Acts of Fundamental Interaction

This research note introduces a criterion of physical reality based on causally completed acts of fundamental interaction. According to this criterion, an entity attains ontological status only when it participates in a completed interaction that leaves a detectable causal trace. The work addresses long-standing conceptual gaps in prevailing physical ontologies by showing that objects, fields, spatial structures, temporal intervals, mass, consciousness, and vacuum effects derive their physical reality exclusively from realized interactions. The proposed framework reinterprets duration and physical time as emergent consequences of completed interaction events and views space as the morphology of the interaction network rather than as an independent entity. By shifting the focus from objects and states to elementary interaction events, the criterion offers a coherent, interaction-based foundation for understanding physical existence, causality, and measurable phenomena.