Pharmaceuticals in water: a bibliometric review of removal technologies, research trends, and socioeconomic factors (2000-2025)
Authors/Creators
Description
[ENGLISH]
Abstract: Pharmaceutical contamination in aquatic environments is a growing global concern due to its ecological and public health implications. These compounds, often resistant to conventional treatments, originate from domestic, hospital, and industrial effluents and persist in water bodies. This study presents a bibliometric review of scientific publications from 2000 to 2025, aiming to examine the relationship between pharmaceutical pollution, socioeconomic conditions, and remediation technologies. Data were collected from Scopus and Web of Science using the keywords "removal AND pharmaceuticals AND water". Duplicate records were removed, and the final dataset was processed using a custom Python script to generate bibliometric visualizations. A three-stage filtering process was applied to identify relevant studies, characterize methodologies, and select articles for full reading. Results show a consistent increase in scientific output over the years, with a notable concentration of research in China, the United States, and Brazil. Adsorption was identified as the most explored technique, often employing activated carbon, biochar, and nanomaterials. Funding trends peaked in 2024, with a slight drop in 2025 due to incomplete data. The findings indicate increasing global engagement with pharmaceutical removal, emphasizing the role of research in addressing both environmental and social inequalities. This review highlights the need for scalable, efficient, and context-sensitive treatment solutions.
[PORTUGUESE]
Resumo: A contaminação farmacêutica em ambientes aquáticos é uma preocupação global crescente devido às suas implicações ecológicas e de saúde pública. Esses compostos, muitas vezes resistentes aos tratamentos convencionais, originam-se de efluentes domésticos, hospitalares e industriais e persistem nos corpos hídricos. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão bibliométrica de publicações científicas de 2000 a 2025, visando examinar a relação entre a poluição farmacêutica, as condições socioeconômicas e as tecnologias de remediação. Os dados foram coletados no Scopus e Web of Science usando as palavras-chave "remoção E farmacêuticos E água". Registros duplicados foram removidos e o conjunto de dados final foi processado usando um script Python personalizado para gerar visualizações bibliométricas. Um processo de filtragem em três estágios foi aplicado para identificar estudos relevantes, caracterizar metodologias e selecionar artigos para leitura completa. Os resultados mostram um aumento consistente na produção científica ao longo dos anos, com uma notável concentração de pesquisas na China, Estados Unidos e Brasil. A adsorção foi identificada como a técnica mais explorada, frequentemente empregando carvão ativado, biocarvão e nanomateriais. As tendências de financiamento atingiram o pico em 2024, com uma ligeira queda em 2025 devido a dados incompletos. As descobertas indicam um crescente envolvimento global com a remoção de produtos farmacêuticos, enfatizando o papel da pesquisa no enfrentamento das desigualdades ambientais e sociais. Esta revisão destaca a necessidade de soluções de tratamento escaláveis, eficientes e sensíveis ao contexto.
[SPANISH]
Resumen: La contaminación farmacéutica en ambientes acuáticos es una preocupación mundial creciente debido a sus implicaciones ecológicas y de salud pública. Estos compuestos, a menudo resistentes a los tratamientos convencionales, se originan en efluentes domésticos, hospitalarios e industriales y persisten en los cuerpos de agua. Este estudio presenta una revisión bibliométrica de publicaciones científicas de 2000 a 2025, con el objetivo de examinar la relación entre la contaminación farmacéutica, las condiciones socioeconómicas y las tecnologías de remediación. Los datos se recopilaron de Scopus y Web of Science utilizando las palabras clave "eliminación Y productos farmacéuticos Y agua". Se eliminaron los registros duplicados y el conjunto de datos final se procesó utilizando un script de Python personalizado para generar visualizaciones bibliométricas. Se aplicó un proceso de filtrado de tres etapas para identificar estudios relevantes, caracterizar metodologías y seleccionar artículos para su lectura completa. Los resultados muestran un aumento constante en la producción científica a lo largo de los años, con una notable concentración de investigación en China, Estados Unidos y Brasil. La adsorción se identificó como la técnica más explorada, empleando a menudo carbón activado, biocarbón y nanomateriales. Las tendencias de financiación alcanzaron su punto máximo en 2024, con una ligera caída en 2025 debido a datos incompletos. Los hallazgos indican un compromiso global creciente con la eliminación de productos farmacéuticos, enfatizando el papel de la investigación para abordar las desigualdades ambientales y sociales. Esta revisión destaca la necesidad de soluciones de tratamiento escalables, eficientes y sensibles al contexto.
[CHINESE]
摘要:由于其生态和公共卫生影响,水生环境中的药物污染日益引起全球关注。这些化合物通常对常规处理具有抵抗力,源于家庭、医院和工业废水,并存在于水体中。本研究对2000年至2025年的科学出版物进行了文献计量审查,旨在探讨药物污染、社会经济条件和修复技术之间的关系。数据收集自Scopus和Web of Science,使用关键词“去除 AND 药物 AND 水”。删除了重复记录,并使用自定义Python脚本处理最终数据集以生成文献计量可视化。应用三阶段过滤过程来识别相关研究、表征方法并选择文章进行全文阅读。结果显示,多年来科学产出持续增长,研究主要集中在中国、美国和巴西。吸附被确定为探索最多的技术,通常使用活性炭、生物炭和纳米材料。资金趋势在2024年达到顶峰,由于数据不完整,2025年略有下降。研究结果表明,全球对药物去除的参与度越来越高,强调了研究在解决环境和社会不平等方面的作用。本综述强调了对可扩展、高效且对环境敏感的处理解决方案的需求。
[GERMAN]
Zusammenfassung: Die pharmazeutische Kontamination in aquatischen Umgebungen ist aufgrund ihrer ökologischen und gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen ein wachsendes globales Problem. Diese Verbindungen, die oft resistent gegen konventionelle Behandlungen sind, stammen aus häuslichen, krankenhaus- und industriellen Abwässern und verbleiben in Gewässern. Diese Studie präsentiert eine bibliometrische Übersicht über wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen von 2000 bis 2025 mit dem Ziel, den Zusammenhang zwischen pharmazeutischer Verschmutzung, sozioökonomischen Bedingungen und Sanierungstechnologien zu untersuchen. Die Daten wurden aus Scopus und Web of Science unter Verwendung der Schlüsselwörter „Entfernung UND Pharmazeutika UND Wasser“ gesammelt. Doppelte Datensätze wurden entfernt, und der endgültige Datensatz wurde mit einem benutzerdefinierten Python-Skript verarbeitet, um bibliometrische Visualisierungen zu erstellen. Ein dreistufiger Filterprozess wurde angewendet, um relevante Studien zu identifizieren, Methoden zu charakterisieren und Artikel für die vollständige Lektüre auszuwählen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen stetigen Anstieg der wissenschaftlichen Produktion im Laufe der Jahre, mit einer bemerkenswerten Konzentration der Forschung in China, den Vereinigten Staaten und Brasilien. Adsorption wurde als die am meisten untersuchte Technik identifiziert, wobei häufig Aktivkohle, Pflanzenkohle und Nanomaterialien eingesetzt werden. Die Finanzierungstrends erreichten 2024 ihren Höhepunkt, mit einem leichten Rückgang im Jahr 2025 aufgrund unvollständiger Daten. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf ein zunehmendes globales Engagement für die Entfernung von Pharmazeutika hin und betonen die Rolle der Forschung bei der Bekämpfung von Umwelt- und sozialen Ungleichheiten. Diese Übersicht unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit skalierbarer, effizienter und kontextsensitiver Behandlungslösungen.
[FRENCH]
Résumé : La contamination pharmaceutique dans les environnements aquatiques est une préoccupation mondiale croissante en raison de ses implications écologiques et de santé publique. Ces composés, souvent résistants aux traitements conventionnels, proviennent des effluents domestiques, hospitaliers et industriels et persistent dans les masses d'eau. Cette étude présente une revue bibliométrique des publications scientifiques de 2000 à 2025, visant à examiner la relation entre la pollution pharmaceutique, les conditions socio-économiques et les technologies de remédiation. Les données ont été collectées auprès de Scopus et Web of Science en utilisant les mots-clés « élimination ET produits pharmaceutiques ET eau ». Les enregistrements en double ont été supprimés et l'ensemble de données final a été traité à l'aide d'un script Python personnalisé pour générer des visualisations bibliométriques. Un processus de filtrage en trois étapes a été appliqué pour identifier les études pertinentes, caractériser les méthodologies et sélectionner les articles pour une lecture complète. Les résultats montrent une augmentation constante de la production scientifique au fil des ans, avec une concentration notable de la recherche en Chine, aux États-Unis et au Brésil. L'adsorption a été identifiée comme la technique la plus explorée, utilisant souvent du charbon actif, du biochar et des nanomatériaux. Les tendances de financement ont atteint un sommet en 2024, avec une légère baisse en 2025 en raison de données incomplètes. Les résultats indiquent un engagement mondial croissant dans l'élimination des produits pharmaceutiques, soulignant le rôle de la recherche dans la lutte contre les inégalités environnementales et sociales. Cette revue souligne la nécessité de solutions de traitement évolutives, efficaces et sensibles au contexte.
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Translated title (Portuguese)
- Fármacos na água: uma revisão bibliométrica de tecnologias de remoção, tendências de pesquisa e fatores socioeconômicos (2000-2025)
- Translated title (Spanish)
- Productos farmacéuticos en el agua: una revisión bibliométrica de tecnologías de eliminación, tendencias de investigación y factores socioeconómicos (2000-2025)
- Translated title (Jinyu Chinese)
- 水中的药物:去除技术、研究趋势和社会经济因素的文献计量审查 (2000-2025)
- Translated title (German)
- Pharmazeutika im Wasser: eine bibliometrische Übersicht über Entfernungstechnologien, Forschungstrends und sozioökonomische Faktoren (2000-2025)
- Translated title (Saint Lucian Creole French)
- Produits pharmaceutiques dans l'eau : une revue bibliométrique des technologies d'élimination, des tendances de la recherche et des facteurs socio-économiques (2000-2025)
Funding
- Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco
- IBPG-1064-3.09/22
- Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco
- BFP-0146-3.09/23
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- ONDACBC 465764/2014-2
- National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels
- PRH 48.1 48610.201019/2019-38
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- 2024/10544-2
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- 2024/12259-3
Dates
- Issued
-
2025-06-11
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