Meteorological time series in Brazil - conventional stations

Daily meteorological time series from conventional climate stations in Brazil.

This dataset is a mirror of official and public data released by Brazil's meteorological public services (INMET). The dataset here is streamlined for processing and managing large volumes of data.

Files

CONV_DATABASE.gpkg -- spatial database with the following layers:

• fields -- table of field names and metadata;
• stations -- points of climate stations with attributes;
• series -- time series of meteorological varibales.

Note: data values are scaled by a factor to improve storage efficiency. See fields layer.

query.py -- standalone python script for data retrieval. See docstring for instructions.

Info

Number of stations in catalog: 135

Start of sampling: 1961-01-01 00:00:00

End of sampling: 2025-01-01 00:00:00

Meteorological variables:

• p -- Total daily precipitation (mm);
• evp -- Daily Piché evaporation  (mm);
• sun -- Total sunshine daily (h);
• tas_max -- Maximum daily temperature  (°C);
• tas_mean -- Compensated daily average temperature (°C);
• tas_min -- Minimum daily temperature (°C);
• hur_mean -- Relative air humidity daily average (%);
• hur_min -- Relative air humidity daily minimum (%);
• winds_mean -- Wind daily average speed (m/s);

Query data

SQL tool

SELECT 
d.*,
s.cd_station
FROM series AS d
LEFT JOIN stations AS s
ON d.id_station = s.id_station
-- define station code
WHERE s.cd_station = '83377'
-- define datetime range
AND d.datetime BETWEEN '2024-01-01' AND '2024-12-31'
ORDER BY d.datetime;

Python script

Using the terminal, go to folder with CONV_DATABASE.gpkg and query.py

>>> cd path/to/folder

>>> python -m query -o "path/to/output" -s "83377" --start "2020-01-01" --end "2022-01-01"

Source

Data was sourced from:

INMET (2025). Meteorological Database for Education and Research (BDMEP) from National Institute of Meteorology (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia - INMET). Available at: https://bdmep.inmet.gov.br/ Latest access: February of 2025.

Logs

1.0.0 -- Operational release. Changes in some fields names. Changes in file name. Changes in layer names (data changed to series). Changes in no-data value (-1 changed to -9999).

0.0.1 -- Testing release. Data updated to 2025-01-01.