Adaptive Flood-Drain Control System (AFDCS): A Sensor–AI Framework for Automated Urban Water Drainage

This paper presents the Adaptive Flood-Drain Control System (AFDCS), an automated sensor-based framework designed for real-time management of localized urban flooding and standing water. The proposed system integrates multi-level water height sensors, microcontroller-based signal processing, and AI-assisted pump control logic to regulate water removal based on dynamic environmental conditions. A prototype demonstration shows that the system can automatically classify flood levels and activate a DC/AC pump with variable speed to accelerate water drainage. This model contributes an affordable and scalable solution for flood mitigation in low-lying residential areas.In practical implementation, the pump is strategically installed at the primary drainage outlet, while the sensor module, powered by a solar panel, is positioned at the lowest flood-prone point. This configuration ensures accurate detection and efficient removal of standing water toward the main drainage system