Assessment of Water Distribution Networks Using Hydraulic Modeling and Field Data

Efficient and reliable water distribution networks (WDNs) are essential for sustaining urban populations and ensuring equitable access to potable water. Ageing pipelines, increasing water demand, leakage, pressure fluctuations, and operational inefficiencies pose significant challenges for water supply systems, particularly in developing regions. This study presents an assessment of a water distribution network using a combination of hydraulic modeling and field data collected from a mid-sized urban locality. Hydraulic simulations were performed using EPANET, incorporating pipe characteristics, nodal demands, and supply conditions to evaluate pressure distribution, flow velocities, and head losses throughout the network. Field measurements—including residual pressure readings, flow rates, and leakage observations—were used to validate and calibrate the model. Results indicate that certain parts of the network experience low pressure during peak consumption hours due to undersized pipes and excessive head loss, while other regions experience overpressure leading to increased leakage risks. The combined analysis highlights critical zones requiring pipe replacement, pressure regulation, and network optimization. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating hydraulic modeling with field observations for diagnosing performance issues and developing practical improvement strategies for water distribution systems.