Nanoparticles Based Approaches for Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Hypertension

Hypertension (elevated arterial blood pressure) affects approximately 1.4 billion people worldwide and remains a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. 1,2 Conventional antihypertensive therapies—though numerous—face limitations such as poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, short half-life, and systemic side-effects, which impair therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.3.Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer promising advantages: enhanced solubility of poorly-water-soluble drugs, improved bioavailability and absorption, sustained/controlled release, potential for targeted or vascular-specific delivery, and reduced dosing frequency and toxicity.4Recent studies indicate that nanoformulations of antihypertensive agents can achieve prolonged blood-pressure reduction in preclinical models, improved pharmacokinetic profiles (higher AUC, longer t₁⁄₂), and enhanced tissue/vascular targeting — though no nano-antihypertensive has yet reached clinical approval5.Looking ahead, further work is needed to translate these systems into clinical practice: key areas include long-term safety/toxicity, scalable manufacturing, ligand-based vascular targeting, chronotherapeutic nanoparticle designs (timed release to match circadian blood pressure), and eventually human trials.