CRIMINALISTIC IDENTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTICS

This article presents a comprehensive scientific analysis of criminalistic identification and diagnostics as fundamental components of modern forensic investigation. Criminalistic identification focuses on recognizing the origin of persons, objects, and material traces, whereas diagnostics aims to establish mechanisms, conditions, and circumstances of criminal events. The study examines conceptual distinctions, methodological frameworks, technological advancements, and interdisciplinary interactions that shape identification and diagnostic processes. Drawing on forensic science principles, legal theory, natural sciences, and investigative practice, the research explores how scientific objectivity, methodological rigor, and technological innovation enhance the accuracy and reliability of criminal adjudication. The findings demonstrate that identification and diagnostics constitute the core of evidentiary examination and crime reconstruction, and their proper use significantly strengthens investigative effectiveness and judicial outcomes.