Corporate Social Responsibility: A Prerequisite for Long-Term Profitability of Corporations in Nigeria

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved from a philanthropic gesture to a strategic imperative that shapes the long-term profitability and sustainability of corporations. In Nigeria’s complex socio-economic landscape—characterized by infrastructural deficits, poverty, environmental challenges, and high stakeholder expectations—CSR plays a central role in corporate survival. This manuscript critically examines the conceptual foundations of CSR, the empirical link between CSR and profitability, stakeholder engagement, corporate reputation, and the Nigerian regulatory environment. Drawing on theory, case evidence, and contextual analysis, the paper argues that effective CSR enhances corporate legitimacy, strengthens stakeholder trust, reduces operational risks, and contributes to long-term profitability. The study further identifies challenges confronting CSR implementation in Nigeria and proposes comprehensive recommendations aligned with global best practices. The paper concludes that CSR must be embedded into corporate strategy to ensure business resilience, relevance, and sustainable performance.