TERMITES OF THE GENUS ANACANTHOTERMES

Termites are eusocial insects with a wide Old World distribution, notable for their dual role as ecosystem engineers and structural pests[1][2]. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, termites accelerate decomposition and nutrient cycling, yet can also damage wooden structures and crops. The genus Anacanthotermes (Family Hodotermitidae) comprises so-called “harvester termites” found in the deserts and semi-deserts of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia[2]. These termites forage on dry grasses and plant debris, storing material in extensive underground nests[3]. In Central Asia (e.g. Uzbekistan’s Khorezm region), Anacanthotermes species infest dry landscapes as well as irrigated oases and even urban settlements[4][5]. This thesis reviews up-to-date knowledge of Anacanthotermes biology (morphology and life cycle), distribution and habitat preferences, ecological significance (feeding behavior and effects on soil fertility), and economic importance (both beneficial effects and damage caused). The objective is to synthesize recent scientific findings on this genus, highlighting its roles in ecosystems and impacts on human environments.