Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) Operations in a Single-Phase Grid in MATLAB

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of bidirectional power transfer between an Electric Vehicle (EV) battery system and a single-phase utility grid, enabling both Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) operation. The proposed system consists of a 120 V EV battery, a bidirectional buck–boost DC–DC converter, and a single-phase H-bridge inverter interfaced with a 230 V, 50 Hz grid through an LC filter. A DC-link capacitor regulated at 380 V ensures stable operation during charging and discharging. The control framework employs phase-locked loop (PLL)-based grid synchronization, PI-based DC-link voltage control, and sinusoidal current reference generation to maintain unity power factor and low harmonic distortion. MATLAB/Simulink simulations demonstrate smooth transitions between G2V (–10 A) and V2G (+10 A) modes, with the inverter current shifting from in-phase to 180° out of phase with grid voltage. The DC-link voltage remains tightly regulated during mode changes, and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) stays within IEEE 519 limits (≈3.7–4%). Results confirm stable bidirectional power flow, accurate state-of-charge behavior, and good power quality, validating the suitability of the proposed single-phase V2G/G2V architecture for residential smart charging applications.