There is a newer version of the record available.

Published November 14, 2025 | Version 0.9
Publication Open

Time-Space Oscillations and Electromagnetics

Authors/Creators

Description

This work presents a comprehensive theoretical framework uniting classical electromagnetism, relativistic time dilation, and quantum-like phenomena under a single deterministic model of Time–Space Oscillations (TSO).

In this framework, the electron is modeled as a harmonic oscillator with complex conjugate time and space components, F=T+iS_m (where T time in seconds S_m=cS, S_m space in meters where S in seconds), revealing that electromagnetic behavior arises not from probabilistic charge motion but from oscillations of time and space themselves. This provides a unified geometric and physical interpretation of voltage, current, impedance, energy transfer, and field propagation.

Building on the established TSO foundation, this study extends the concept to electromagnetic systems, showing how classical circuit laws, inductive coupling, flux quantization, and wave propagation naturally emerge from harmonic TSO states. Quantum-like effects—including polarity flips, discrete field quantization, and entanglement analogues—arise deterministically from classical physics, without invoking probabilistic assumptions.

The framework predicts novel phenomena and device behaviors, such as voltage-controlled oscillation via potential manipulation and engineered TSO configurations enabling deterministic quantum simulations, awaiting experimental verification.

This paper represents the third major installment in the Time–Space Oscillation series, following prior work on TSO mathematics and its gravitational and centrifugal implications. It lays the foundation for forthcoming research deriving quantum mechanics from the TSO framework, completing a deterministic bridge between relativity, electromagnetism, and quantum behavior.

Files

Time_Space_Oscillations_Electro_Magnetics (1).pdf

Files (493.7 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:5482b570bfd01ccc614606b77f746cf9
493.7 kB Preview Download

Additional details

Dates

Submitted
2025-11-14
Zenodo Release date

References

  • [1] Norman de Leeuw, Time–Space Oscillations: A Geometric and Deterministic Ap- proach to Relativistic and Quantum Phenomena, 2025 Zenodo, DOI 10.5281/zen- odo.17534734 [2] Norman de Leeuw, Time Dilation and the Nature of Gravitational and Inertial Forces, 2025 Zenodo, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17543059 [3] M. D. Schwartz, Lecture 1: Oscillators and Linearity, Harvard University, Department of Physics (2016). Available at: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/schwartz/ files/lecture1-oscillators-and-linearity.pdf [4] M. D. Schwartz, Lecture 2: Driven Oscillators, Harvard University, Department of Physics (2016). Available at: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/schwartz/ files/lecture2-driven-oscillators.pdf [5] M. D. Schwartz, Lecture 3: Coupled Oscillators, Harvard University, Department of Physics (2016). Available at: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/schwartz/ files/lecture3-coupled-oscillators.pdf [6] M. Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1831. [7] H. A. Lorentz, La Th´eorie ´Electromagn´etique de Maxwell et son Application aux Corps Mouvants, Arch. N´eerl. Sci. Exactes Nat., 1895. [8] A. Einstein, "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter K¨orper," Annalen der Physik, vol. 17, pp. 891–921, 1905. [9] J. C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1873. [10] R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. II: Mainly Electromagnetism and Matter, Addison-Wesley, 1964. [11] L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, The Classical Theory of Fields, 4th ed., Pergamon Press, 1971. [12] D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 4th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2017. [13] E. M. Purcell and D. Morin, Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 2013. [14] D. J. Griffiths and D. F. Schroeter, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 5th ed., Cam- bridge University Press, 2023. [15] J. C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Vols. I–II (Clarendon Press, 1873). [16] M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 7th ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1999). 61 [17] L. Silberstein, "Elektromagnetische Grundgleichungen in bivectorieller Behandlung," Annalen der Physik, 327, 579–586 (1907). [18] H. Risken and T. Brandes, "Complex representation of electromagnetic fields," in Quantum Optics, Springer (1998). [19] H. Minkowski, "Space and Time," in The Principle of Relativity (Dover, 1952; orig- inal 1908). [20] R. Penrose, The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, (Jonathan Cape, 2004). [21] R. H. Good, "A causal electromagnetic field theory," Phys. Rev., 105, 1914 (1957). [22] J. H. Poynting, "On the transfer of energy in the electromagnetic field," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 175, 343–361 (1884). [23] M. Faraday, "Experimental Researches in Electricity," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 122, 125–162 (1831). [24] M. Faraday, "Experimental Researches in Electricity," *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London*, 1831. [25] D. Hestenes, "Oersted Medal Lecture 2002: Reforming the mathematical language of physics," Am. J. Phys., 71, 104–121 (2003). [26] J. P. da Silva, "Clifford Algebra and the geometric meaning of the curl operator," Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, 25, 393–408 (2015). [27] C. A. Coulomb, "Premier M´emoire sur l'´Electricit´e et le Magn´etisme," *Histoire de l'Acad´emie Royale des Sciences*, 1785. [28] H. A. Lorentz, "The Theory of Electrons and Its Applications to the Phenomena of Light and Radiant Heat," *Proc. Amsterdam Acad.*, 1892. [29] E. Mach, *The Science of Mechanics*, Open Court, 1883. [30] A. Einstein, "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity," *Annalen der Physik*, 1916. [31] M. Born and E. Wolf, *Principles of Optics*, Pergamon, 1959. [32] J. D. Jackson, *Classical Electrodynamics*, 3rd ed., Wiley, 1998. [33] H. Minkowski, "Space and Time," *Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker- Vereinigung*, 1908. [34] P. A. M. Dirac, *The Principles of Quantum Mechanics*, Oxford University Press, 1930. [35] P. A. M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Oxford University Press, 1930. [36] E. Schr¨odinger, "Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem," *Annalen der Physik*, 1926. 62 [37] R. P. Feynman, *QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter*, Princeton Uni- versity Press, 1965. [38] L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, *Mechanics*, 3rd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, 1976. [39] J. Wu and J. Zang, "Toroidal Moments and Electromagnetic Field Configurations," *Physical Review B*, vol. 67, 2003. [40] J. C. Maxwell, A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 155, 459–512 (1865). [41] A.-M. Amp`ere, Th´eorie des ph´enom`enes ´electrodynamiques, uniquement d´eduite de l'exp´erience, M´emoires de l'Acad´emie des Sciences de l'Institut de France 6, 175–388 (1827). [42] I. Bia lynicki-Birula, Photon wave function, Progress in Optics 36, 245–294 (1996). [43] D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 4th ed., Pearson, 2013. [44] D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2018. [45] J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd ed., Wiley, 1999. [46] J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 1998. [47] G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber, and F. E. Harris, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 7th ed., Academic Press, 2013. [48] N. W. McLachlan, Complex Variable Theory and Transform Calculus, Cambridge University Press, 2013. [49] G. B. Folland, Fourier Analysis and Its Applications, Brooks/Cole, 1992. [50] T. T. Brown, A Method of and an Apparatus or Machine for Producing Force or Motion, GB Patent No. 300 311, filed 15 Apr 1927, granted 15 Nov 1928. [51] T. T. Brown with P. A. Biefeld, Method of Producing Force or Motion, US Patent No. 1,835,959, filed 15 Apr 1927, granted 9 Dec 1931. [52] B. C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 8th Edition, Wiley, 2006. [53] J. B. Marion and F. S. Heald, Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, Academic Press, 1980. [54] A. Einstein, "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light," Annalen der Physik, vol. 35, pp. 898–908, 1911. [55] K. Schwarzschild, " ¨Uber das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Ein- steinschen Theorie," Sitzungsberichte der K¨oniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wis- senschaften, pp. 189–196, 1916. [56] F. Bloch, "Nuclear Induction," Physical Review, vol. 70, no. 7–8, pp. 460–474, 1946. [57] C. P. Poole and H. A. Farach, Handbook of Electron Spin Resonance, Springer, 1999. 63 [58] A. E. Fitzgerald, C. Kingsley Jr., and S. D. Umans, Electric Machinery, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2002. [59] H. von Helmholtz, " ¨Uber einige Gesetze der Vertheilung elektrischer Str¨ome in k¨orperlichen Leitern," Annalen der Physik, vol. 165, no. 6, pp. 211–233, 1853. [60] W. H. Hayt and J. A. Kemmerly, Engineering Electromagnetics, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2020. [61] S. H. Strogatz, From Kuramoto to Crawford: exploring the onset of synchronization in populations of coupled oscillators, Physica D 143, 1–20 (2000). [62] M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, 10th Anniversary Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2010. [63] E. M. Purcell, D. J. Morin, Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2013. [64] R. M. Wald, General Relativity, University of Chicago Press, 1984. [65] P. Horowitz and W. Hill, The Art of Electronics, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2015. [66] A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 8th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2020. [67] J. D. Kraus, Electromagnetics, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1992. [68] M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1996. [69] B. S. Deaver and W. M. Fairbank, "Experimental Evidence for Quantized Flux in Superconducting Cylinders," Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 43–46 (1961). [70] R. Doll and M. N¨abauer, "Experimental Proof of Magnetic Flux Quantization in a Superconducting Ring," Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 51–52 (1961). [71] C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Edition, Wiley, 2004. [72] J. Hutchison, "The Hutchison Effect: Experimental Reports," 1989–1992, unpub- lished reports and videos. [73] M. Goodman, "High-Frequency Electromagnetic Interactions with Matter," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1400–1407, 2002