Innovative Approaches in the Formulation of Floating Tablets for Gastroprotective Drug Delivery

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are a promising strategy in the development of gastroprotective dosage forms aimed at enhancing the bioavailability of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window and limited absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These systems, which remain buoyant in the stomach, provide a controlled release of the drug, extend gastric retention time, and ensure sustained drug release over extended periods. This review highlights the recent innovations in the formulation of floating tablets, focusing on novel materials, advanced technologies, and the mechanisms governing buoyancy and drug release. Key formulations and techniques include the use of hydrophilic polymers, effervescent systems, super porous hydrogels, and multi-layered tablets, which allow for better control over the buoyancy and release rate. The combination of these approaches has led to enhanced drug stability, improved patient compliance, and better therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the impact of factors such as pH, density, and formulation excipients on the performance of floating tablets is critically reviewed. Recent advancements also explore the potential of natural polymers, nanotechnology, and 3D printing for designing innovative floating tablet systems. Furthermore, the integration of floating systems with targeted drug delivery for local treatment in the upper GI tract offers exciting prospects. Despite these advancements, challenges such as variable gastric conditions, inter-patient variability, and scaling up for commercial production remain. In conclusion, floating tablets present a promising solution for controlled drug release and localized therapy in the upper GI tract, and ongoing research into formulation strategies and technologies will continue to enhance their clinical application in gastroprotective drug delivery systems.