Acicnemis maculaalba Roelofs, 1875

Figs 1, 2 G, 3 D, 6 I 1–6, 2, 20

Type material examined

(Japan: 50). Holotype. Japan • unknown locality, “ 1910–320 ”, G. Lewis, bears a circular white, red-bordered label reading “ Type H. T. ”, NHMUK 015024192.

Non-type material.

Japan: Fukuoka Prefecture: • Mt. Homan, 15. V. 1975, H. Irie (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_583, misidentified A. luteomaculata paratype; Kagoshima Prefecture: • Sata (Osumi), Magome-Odomari, 28. V. 1952, Esaki & Hirashima (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_556; • Kuchinoshima, 26. VI. – 3. VII. 1969, H. Makihara (3, KUM), JHL_AREV_557 – JHL_AREV_559; • Akuseki Island, 30. VII. 1969, M. Sakai (4, KUM), JHL_AREV_560 – JHL_AREV_563; • Nakanoshima, 25. IV. – 2. V. 1975, H. Irie (4, KUM), JHL_AREV_564 – JHL_AREV_567; • Amami-Oshima, Hatsuno, 12. VI. 1963, J. Nagao (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_570; • Yakushima Island, Miyanoura, 26. VII. 1974, T. Mikage (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_571; • Funayuki, Yakushima Island, 26. VII. 1989, M. Satoshi (1, CMIC), CBM ZI 159703; Kochi Prefecture: • Okinoshima (Tosa Province), 28. VI. – 2. VIII. 1953, K. Morimoto & K. Sugimoto (5, KUM), JHL_AREV_551 – JHL_AREV_555; Mie Prefecture: • Mie University Forest, Ichishi-gun, 11. VI. 1956, M. Ichihashi (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_546, JHL_AREV_547; Miyazaki Prefecture: • Mt. Aoidake, 6. V. 1976, K. Morimoto, Z. Kuranaga, A. Iwasaki, N. Yoshida (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_590; Okinawa Prefecture: • Komi, Iriomote Island, 14. III. 1997, M. Chujo (1, KUM), JHL_SYN_143; • Iriomote Island, 28. V. 1962, K. Kojima (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_545; • Yonahadake, 8–29. VI. 1977, H. Irie (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_568, JHL_AREV_569; • Hiji, Okinawa Island, 3. VII. 1974, T. Mikage (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_572, JHL_AREV_573; • Yona, Okinawa Island, 15. VI. 1970, H. Makihara (1, KUM), JHL_SYN_142; • Yona, Okinawa Island, 29. VI. 1976, H. Makihara (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_574; • Mt. ufudaki, Kohama Is., 29. V. 2022, S. Imada, (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_777; • Mantabaru, Yonaguni Island, 25–27. V. 2022, S. Imada (3, KUM), JHL_AREV_575 – JHL_AREV_577; • Omoto-dake, Ishigaki Island, 30. VI. 1974, T. Mikage (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_578; • Mt. Banna, Ishigaki Island, 23–26. V. 1990, K. Morimoto (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_579; • Shirahama, Iriomote Island, 31. VIII. – 5. IX. 1969, H. Makihara (3, KUM), JHL_AREV_580 – JHL_AREV_582; • Funaura, Iriomote Island, 1. X. 1978, S. Azuma (1, RUMC), JHL_AREV_713; • Nakagusuku Park, Okinawa Island, 26.28557°N, 127.79491°E, 3–17. II. 2016, OKENT 0068361 (GenBank accession number: PV 255635) (1, OIST); • Yona Field, Okinawa Island, 26.73974°N, 128.23598°E, 8–22. VII. 2016, OKENT 0050489 (GenBank accession number: PV 255634) (1, OIST); • Toyko District: Oji-ike, Miyake Island, 5–7. IV. 2010, J. Aoki (6, KUM), JHL_AREV_584 – JHL_AREV_589; • Sato, Mt. Kurosa – Kitakao-san, Mikura-jima Island, 2. VI. 1979, J. Okuma (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_AREV_426; Wakayama Prefecture: • near Mt. Ohtoh, 13. VI. – 7. VIII. 1980, I. Matoba (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_548, JHL_AREV_549; • Mt. Ohtoh, 16–19. VII. 1982, H. Makihara (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_500.

Diagnosis.

Body length 2.6–5.0 mm. Covered in pale and dark brown scales, with two obliquely shaped pale brownish, black-bordered spots across middle of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum small, bordered by pale, yellow scales, and weakly bare dorsally or covered in scales (Fig. 3 D) (compare with A. kiotoensis which possesses a large, broad, bare scutellum). Odd, 2 nd, and 4 th elytral intervals with erect scales. Sclerolepidia indistinct, forming low, rounded, non-protruding tubercles. Third tarsomeres emarginate (Fig. 2 G) (as opposed to truncate, as in A. koguma). Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view but converging in distal 1 / 2 evenly into a blunt point. Pedon stout (pedon length / total aedeagus length including temo = 0.2). Internal sac protruding and with roughened musculature across length; with two bent, tube-like sclerotized structures anteriorly at its apex (Fig. 6 I 1 – 2).

Distribution.

This species occurs broadly throughout Japan (mainland Japan and Ryukyu Islands) and Taiwan and is also recorded from China by Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2023).

Remarks.

Acicnemis maculaalba forms a species group with A. sauteri. The association of A. maculaalba and A. sauteri is supported by morphology and weakly (BS: 38) by our CO 1 gene tree. See also A. cordata Remarks section.