Gender Action Plan - PART 1 (D9.3)

Sex refers to biologically determined characteristics, specifically anatomy and chromosomes, and forms the basis of classification of living things including humans as male or female. On the other hand, gender describes characteristics that are socially constructed, which vary in time and place, and amongst cultures as well as language. These terms are often used interchangeably in scientific literature, health policy, legislation, and by society. However, it is important to distinguish clearly between gender and sex, as they are conceptually and legally distinct.

Gender equality is a fundamental value of the European Union, and benefits research by improving quality and relevance of outputs, attracting and retaining talent, and ensuring that everyone can maximise their potential in an inclusive workplace environment. There has been progress in gender equality in terms of non-discriminatory practices, underpinned by a range of directives. However, men and women, and those who identify as male, female or neither, are not treated equally in recruitment or promotion, and research often overlooks sex and gender in outputs, meaning European society is not equable and still dependent upon legislation to drive change.