Mongooses of India and their conservation

The mongooses (Urva spp.) of India constitute a diverse and ecologically important group of small carnivorous mammals distributed across varied habitats, from dry scrublands to dense forests and wetlands. This review compiles and analyses existing literature to document their distribution, vernacular names, cultural significance, and conservation status. Six species are recognised in India, of which five are listed as Least Concern and one, the Indian brown mongoose (Urva fusca), as Vulnerable. Mongooses play a crucial ecological role as natural pest controllers and hold symbolic importance in Indian folklore, often representing courage and protection. However, threats such as habitat loss, road mortality, and illegal hunting for mongoose hair persist. The study highlights the need for strengthened conservation strategies, legal protection, and community awareness to ensure the continued survival of these culturally revered and ecologically vital species that contribute significantly to maintaining India’s biodiversity and ecological stability.