Anti-inflammatory effects of herbal medicines in psoriasis: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder marked by erythema, scaling, and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. While conventional therapies such as corticosteroids and biologics provide symptomatic relief, their long-term use is limited by side effects and poor compliance, prompting interest in safer, plant-based alternatives. This review critically examines the anti-inflammatory effects of herbal medicines in psoriasis management, highlighting their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical evidence, and regulatory considerations. A comprehensive literature search of studies up to May 2025 revealed that several herbs—including Curcuma longa (curcumin), Camellia sinensis (EGCG), With Ania somniferous (withaferin A), Berberis vulgaris (berberine), and Scutellarin baicalinase (baicalin)—exert therapeutic effects by targeting key inflammatory pathways such as NF-dB, JAK/STAT, MAPKs, and the IL-17/IL-23 axis. Clinical trials have reported improvements in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores and lesion clearance with minimal adverse effects. Nonetheless, challenges such as lack of standardization, potential herb–drug interactions, and inconsistent regulatory frameworks limit their widespread adoption. Overall, herbal medicines show significant promise as complementary or alternative options in psoriasis treatment, warranting further high-quality clinical trials and global efforts toward regulatory harmonization.