Health Inequalities: A Challenge for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS)

Health inequalities represent one of the greatest challenges for public health systems worldwide, especially in countries with significant socioeconomic heterogeneity such as Brazil. These inequalities are evident in access to, quality of, and outcomes from health services, reflecting the profound social, economic, and cultural disparities that impact population health. In the context of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), which is based on the principles of universality and equity, addressing these disparities is crucial to ensuring social justice and the right to health. This academic essay is based on an integrative literature review of scientific studies, official documents, and institutional reports to critically analyze the challenges and strategies for tackling health inequalities in Brazil. Emphasis is placed on the role of social determinants of health, the importance of primary care—especially through the Family Health Strategy—and the need for intersectoral policies, adequate funding, racial equity, social participation, professional training, and technological innovation. The conclusion reinforces the need for continuous efforts to ensure equitable and dignified health care for all Brazilians.