Integration of digital manufacturing tools in the development of ergonomic didactic resources: a case study in preschool education

This study addressed the need to improve the ergonomic conditions of school furniture in early childhood education, considering its impact on children’s posture, safety, and concentration. The objective was to design, manufacture, and validate an ergonomic educational module (desk and chair) for students aged 3 to 5, using digital manufacturing tools. An experimental approach was applied across five phases: collection of anthropometric data, CAD modeling, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), technical assembly, and structural, ergonomic, and pedagogical validation. The design adhered to international standards (ISO 5970, UNE-EN 1729-2, ISO 7174-1) and guidelines from the Peruvian Ministry of Education (MINEDU). Results showed 92% material utilization efficiency, average production time of 85 minutes, and high structural resistance. Validation with teachers and children demonstrated 94% postural adequacy and high satisfaction levels regarding ergonomics, safety, and functionality. It was concluded that integrating digital manufacturing technologies into the development of ergonomic school furniture is feasible and offers potential for replication and transfer to public early childhood education institutions.