Published October 31, 2025 | Version v2

The Three Books of Science

Authors/Creators

  • 1. University of Vermont

Description

We venture that the long evolution of science may be viewed as unfolding over three blurred epochs. The first epoch spans the slow, haphazard, error-ridden realization of scientific truths along with foundational scientific methods. The second epoch covers the discovery that everything is formed from atoms and other building blocks. And in the age of computation, the third epoch affords the science of complex systems.

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Funding

U.S. National Science Foundation
RII Track-1: Harnessing the Data Revolution for Vermont: The Science of Online Corpora, Knowledge, and Stories (SOCKS) 2242829
MassMutual Financial Group (United States)