Oscillating shear index, wall shear stress and low density lipoprotein accumulation in human RCAs

Atherosclerosis shows predilection in regions of coronary arteries with hemodynamic particularities as, local disturbances of Wall Shear Stress (WSS) in space and time, and locally high concentrations of lipoprotein. Six, image-based human deceased, Right Coronary Arteries (RCA) are used to elucidate, a) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) transport under steady flow and b) oscillating flow (no mass transfer). A semi-permeable nature of the arterial wall computational model is incorporated with hydraulic conductivity and permeability treated as WSS dependent. The 3D reconstruction technique is a combination of angiography and IVUS. LDL is elevated at locations where WSS is low. Under steady flow conditions the area-averaged normalized LDL concentration over the RCAs, using shear dependent water infiltration and endothelial permeability is 9.6 % higher than at entrance. However, under constant water infiltration and endothelial permeability this value is only 3.2 %. High Oscillating Shear Index (OSI) and low average WSS nearly co-locate. Approximately 630000 grid nodes proved to be sufficient enough to accurately describe the oscillating flow and the LDL concentration within the RCAs.