Gravity–Electromagnetism Unification via 5D Curvature Orientation: Open vs. Closed Curvature, Mass Partition, and Atomic Binding

This paper presents a classical unification of gravitation and electromagnetism through five–dimensional SpaceTime+ curvature geometry. A single curvature–orientation parameter distinguishes open and closed 5D curvature states, corresponding respectively to electromagnetic and gravitational interaction regimes. By
applying the mass–partition formalism to these curvature modes, the analysis shows that atomic binding and gravitational attraction emerge from complementary geometric orientations of the same 5D field manifold. The framework provides a direct curvature–based explanation for mass, charge, and binding without invoking separate field equations or quantisation assumptions.

The author acknowledges the OpenAI ChatGPT platform for derivational assistance, figure text preparation, and formatting verification. Conceptual modelling, unification logic, and all physical derivations are original work by Robert T. Morrow.