EXPLORING SEIZURE CHARACTERISTICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Seizures are a heterogeneous clinical phenomenon with diverse etiologies, semiologies, and prognoses. Accurate phenotyping using clinical history, neuroimaging, and electrophysiology (EEG) is essential for diagnostic precision, etiologic classification, and targeted treatment (e.g., choice of antiseizure medication, surgery, or device therapy). Although many studies have described isolated aspects of seizures, integrated analyses combining clinical presentation, structural and functional neuroimaging, and EEG features in the same cohort are limited. This study aims to bridge that gap and identify reproducible patterns and correlations that could enhance diagnostic accuracy, predict outcomes, and inform individualized management strategies.

Methods: A prospective observational study of 157 patients with seizure disorders collected clinical, MRI, and EEG data to evaluate their characteristics. Statistical analysis revealed significant patterns and correlations among clinical features, radiological findings, and electrophysiological abnormalities.

Results: Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common type (54.14%), followed by focal onset aware seizures (19.10%) and focal onset impaired awareness seizures (3.82%). MRI revealed structural abnormalities in 52.22% of patients, predominantly in non-lobular brain regions, while 47.77% showed lobular involvement. EEG abnormalities were found in 24.84% of participants, with 13.37% demonstrating concurrent MRI abnormalities.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of seizure semiology and its correlation with MRI and EEG findings, highlighting their value in improving diagnosis and management. Integrating these characteristics can support more personalized and effective treatment strategies for seizure disorders.