The Labour Market Integration of Duldung Holders in Berlin

This study examines the labour market integration of individuals with a Duldung status in Berlin, Germany. The Duldung status places individuals in a legal limbo, temporarily suspending deportation while denying long-term security and full rights. This research focuses on two key objectives: (1) identifying structural obstacles, including political, bureaucratic and legal barriers, and (2) examining intersecting ways of marginalisation among women, individuals with disabilities and caregivers holding a Duldung. Simultaneously, we analysed the role of state-funded and independent organisations in providing support. Drawing on existing research and qualitative interviews, our findings highlight how the Duldung status perpetuates economic and social exclusion, making individuals vulnerable to labour exploitation. While initiatives to support workforce participation exist, their effectiveness is limited by bureaucratic and legal hurdles. This paper advocates for policy reforms, including simplified access to work permits, expanded vocational training programmes tailored to diverse needs and stronger labour protections. However, without systemic change, individuals with a Duldung will continue to face cycles of exclusion and exploitation. These findings contribute to discussions on migration, labour rights and social justice in Germany and the European context.