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Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose are early сarbohydrate metabolism disorders, the prevalence of which in Russia and worldwide is growing annually. These conditions subsequently lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prediabetes is of particular interest today due to its diagnostic criteria and developmental mechanisms. Overweight and obesity often underlie the development of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Prediabetes leads to early cardiovascular risks, atherosclerotic vascular lesions, and severe complications such as acute coronary artery disease and heart failure. Particular attention today is needed not only to assess glycemic control indicators as a screening tool for prediabetes, but also to assess body mass index and waist circumference, hip circumference, and their ratio are particularly relevant. Understanding the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes, the mechanisms of its development, identifying risk groups, and knowing about possible pathogenetic therapies will enable timely detection and practical implementation of lifestyle modification recommendations and drug therapy, preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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