THE IMPACT OF ECOTOURISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: FISCAL POLICY APPROACHES TO PROMOTION

Ecotourism has emerged as a vital driver of both economic growth and ecological sustainability in developing and developed countries alike. However, its effective promotion requires a coherent policy framework, particularly through fiscal measures that balance economic benefits with environmental protection. This article investigates the role of fiscal policy in stimulating ecotourism and evaluates its potential impact on sustainable development. The study applies a comparative and analytical methodology, drawing upon international case studies, statistical indicators, and policy documents to assess how fiscal incentives—such as tax relief, subsidies, and green investment schemes—can encourage sustainable tourism practices. Findings indicate that ecotourism contributes to local economic diversification, job creation, and foreign exchange earnings, while simultaneously fostering biodiversity conservation and reducing environmental degradation. At the same time, the effectiveness of fiscal measures depends on proper institutional design, transparency, and alignment with long-term sustainability goals. The paper concludes that integrating ecotourism into national fiscal policy not only accelerates green economic growth but also enhances the resilience of ecosystems, offering a dual pathway toward economic prosperity and ecological balance.