Solvent degradation & influences on amine-based carbon capture operations

Amine-based carbon capture is one of the most widely used technologies for mitigating industrial CO₂ emissions. However, solvent degradation significantly compromises process efficiency and economic viability. This review critically examines both thermal and oxidative degradation mechanisms, emphasizing how operational conditions, such as flue gas composition, CO₂ loading, temperature, and pressure, influence degradation. The catalytic role of dissolved metals in oxidative degradation and the interconnection with corrosion is an important aspect of solvent degradation. Beyond chemical mechanisms, practical mitigation strategies including the use of inhibitors, solvent reclamation methods, and solvent selection criteria are discussed in detail. The limitations of current degradation monitoring techniques are also evaluated, emphasizing the need for real-time analytical solutions.

This review fills in a critical gap in the literature. While previous review papers provide a strong foundation on solvent degradation, this review goes a step further by focusing on the industrial implications and practical mitigation strategies. In addition to summarizing key degradation pathways, special attention is given to the role of metals in accelerating oxidative degradation through autocatalytic effects. This work also highlights how these mechanisms impact long-term solvent stability and operational efficiency. By covering both chemical insights and real-world challenges, this review aims to bridge the gap between laboratory findings and industrial application.