Integrating Local Wisdom into Anti-Bullying Management: A Case Study of Senior High Schools in Tomohon City, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the anti-bullying management model implemented in senior high schools in Tomohon City, emphasizing cultural dimensions and collaborative participation within the school management process. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving principals, teachers, and educational stakeholders. The findings reveal that anti-bullying management in Tomohon comprises three main stages—planning, implementation, and supervision—rooted in local values such as deliberation (musyawarah), mutual cooperation (gotong royong), and social empathy. This model integrates global practices, such as Finland’s KiVa Program and the United States’ Whole School Approach, while adapting them contextually to Indonesia’s social norms and institutional structures. Theoretically, this study expands the concept of contextualized school management by incorporating local wisdom as a determinant of educational policy effectiveness. Practically, it provides strategic recommendations for developing community-based educational policies that position all school actors as agents of change. Consequently, the Tomohon model contributes to the advancement of school management theory and practice that is culturally grounded yet globally oriented.