Assessment of Environmental Hazards and Safety Compliance in Selected Tertiary Educational Institutions in Delta State, Nigeria

Tertiary institutions play critical roles in national development, but often face growing environmental and occupational hazards that compromise health, safety, and productivity. Despite existing regulatory frameworks in Nigeria, evidence indicates weak compliance with safety and environmental standards. This study aimed to assess the nature and distribution of environmental hazards and evaluate safety compliance levels across four tertiary institutions in Delta State: Western Delta University, Delta State Polytechnic Otefe-Oghara, All Nation Institute of Marine and Technology, and Delta State College of Education, Mosogar. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 391 respondents (students and staff) through validated questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation. Quantitative analysis employed both descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results revealed widespread hazards, including cracked buildings (24%), exposed electrical wires (22%), poor ventilation, overcrowding, and generator fumes (21%). Safety facilities were inadequately functional, with low enforcement of PPE use, inadequate signage, and infrequent safety drills. Pearson’s correlation (r = 0.63, p < 0.01) revealed a strong positive relationship between awareness and compliance; however, overall adherence remained weak and inconsistent across institutions. The discussion highlighted systemic lapses arising from poor enforcement, insufficient funding, and a limited safety culture. The study concludes that environmental safety management in tertiary institutions is largely reactive. It recommends institutionalizing comprehensive HSE frameworks, routine training, infrastructural upgrades, and strong inter-agency collaboration to promote sustainable safety culture and compliance.