CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHRONIC ALLERGIC DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN CHILDREN LIVING IN THE ARAL SEA REGION

The study explores the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of chronic allergic 
respiratory diseases among children living in the ecologically unfavorable Aral Sea region. 
Chronic allergic diseases, particularly bronchial asthma, represent a major health burden in 
childhood worldwide, with an estimated 95.7 million cases in 2021. Environmental 
pollution factors such as contaminated air, soil, and water are believed to significantly 
contribute to the high prevalence of allergic respiratory conditions in this region. The 
research analyzes epidemiological indicators, including age, gender, place of residence, and 
exposure to environmental risk factors, as well as clinical symptoms such as cough, 
wheezing, dyspnea, and bronchial obstruction. Results indicate that urban residence, 
proximity to industrial zones, and exposure to tobacco smoke and poor living conditions 
increase the risk of allergic respiratory diseases. Boys are affected slightly more frequently 
than girls in early childhood, though prevalence tends to rise among older girls. The findings 
highlight the urgent need for preventive measures, early diagnosis, and effective treatment 
strategies for children living in environmentally burdened regions like the Aral Sea area.