Published October 24, 2025 | Version v1

Pharmacotherapy for metabolic illnesses (metabolic syndrome, obesity, gout, chronic adrenal insufficiency).

  • 1. ROR icon Osh State University

Description

Metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, gout, and chronic adrenal insufficiency are on the rise globally and carry significant morbidity and mortality. They often group together and exchange similar health issues such as insulin resistance, high cholesterol levels, swelling in the body, and changes in hormone balance. Lifestyle adjustments combined with medication tailored to individual requirements form their strategy. This review outlines current pharmacological approaches: insulin sensitizers, antihypertensives, cholesterol-lowering drugs, weight loss aids, uric acid reducers, and hormone therapy treatments, detailing how they work, advantages, and drawbacks. Newer treatments GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and dual agonists provide additional benefits in metabolism and heart health. A combination of medical treatments and changes in daily habits should be used for each person's condition to make sure they feel better and stay healthy. 

Files

pharma.pdf

Files (254.1 kB)

Name Size
md5:e0bef8c6eb1d9eac76d4603347165b8f
254.1 kB Preview Download

Additional details

Identifiers

Other
Osh State University

Dates

Accepted
2025-09-26
Accepted

References

  • 1. Grundy SM. Metabolic Syndrome Update. Circulation. 2016;133: 302–305. 2. Eckel RH, et al. Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95: 1–10. 3. Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet. 2010;375: 318–328. 4. Bornstein SR, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2016;375: 1440–1451. 5. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(Suppl. 1): S1–S210. 6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Obesity: Identification, Assessment, and Management. NICE Guideline [NG189], 2022.